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    How to Optimize Testosterone & Estrogen

    enApril 12, 2021

    Podcast Summary

    • Achieving Hormone Optimization through Behaviors, Nutrition, Exercise, and SupplementationTaking on specific behaviors, nutrition, exercise, and supplementation can improve overall wellbeing and impact estrogen and testosterone levels. Anabolic steroids are not the only way to impact sex steroid hormones, and other factors like exercise, cold exposure, and breathing patterns can play a role as well.

      Hormone optimization can be achieved through specific behaviors, nutrition, exercise, and supplementation tools. The concept of Salutogenesis in the allopathic medicine field emphasizes that taking on particular behaviors can promote wellbeing above where you would be if you were not doing those behaviors. Estrogen and testosterone ratios have profound influence on feelings of wellbeing, optimism, anxiety, and reproduction. Anabolic steroids are heavily used and abused in the sports community, but there are also many steroids that are not anabolic steroids that can impact sex steroid hormones. Specific types of exercise, cold exposure, and breathing patterns can impact sex steroid hormones, both estrogen and testosterone.

    • Understanding Hormones and Their FunctionsHormones such as estrogen and testosterone are essential for the proper functioning of the body. These hormones are produced by different glands and can impact our behavior, mood, and overall health. Checking hormone levels with a doctor can help identify any imbalances.

      Hormones such as estrogen and testosterone are produced by glands in the body, including the pineal gland, the hypothalamus, the gonads, and the thyroid gland. Aromatase enzymes in body fat and the testes can convert testosterone into estrogen, which is important for hormone optimization. Pre-pubescent females have low estrogen levels, while puberty causes levels of estrogen to skyrocket before dropping during menopause. Testosterone levels fluctuate across the lifespan, with competition playing a powerful role in activating it. Testosterone also reduces anxiety, promotes novelty, and promotes competitive behavior by changing the threshold for stress in the amygdala. Variations in hormone levels occur across individuals, and consulting with a medical doctor, specifically an endocrinologist, is recommended for hormone examination.

    • The Relationship between Hormones and Sexual BehaviorTestosterone is important for stress reduction, competition, and mating in males, while females rely on it for reproductive behavior. Both estrogen and testosterone are crucial for male libido. Vitamin B6 can reduce the refractory period.

      Testosterone plays a crucial role in reducing stress and anxiety in males of a species and promoting forging type behaviors, novel seeking, and mating. Competition itself can increase testosterone, and dopamine and testosterone work together. In females, testosterone increases their libido and seeking out of reproductive behavior, while estrogen promotes consensual receptivity. In males, both estrogen and testosterone are important for libido, while sex itself can increase testosterone levels depending on ejaculation. Prolactin release sets the refractory period in males, which can be reduced through vitamin B6 intake.

    • Impact of Sexual Behavior and Parenthood on Hormone LevelsSexual activity can increase testosterone levels, but becoming a parent can lead to a decrease in testosterone and increase in cortisol and estradiol levels, ultimately leading to a potential change in physical appearance.

      Sexual behavior can increase testosterone levels, with actual intercourse resulting in far greater increases than mere observation. Ejaculation does not adjust testosterone levels, but abstinence or sex after a week or more can lead to a 400% increase in testosterone levels. DHEA can increase both testosterone and estrogen, with the extent of increase depending on individual hormone levels and the presence of aromatase. Becoming a parent results in a decrease in testosterone levels, increased cortisol, and doubled estradiol levels due to an increase in prolactin. This hormone can suppress sex steroid hormones and increase categories of other hormones. This phenomenon, along with a decrease in physical activity, can result in a phenomenon known as the dad bod in both males and females.

    • The Impact of Father's Smell on Parenting Hormones and PheromonesA father's availability and contact with the baby's smell can impact parenting hormones. Illness and pro-inflammatory cytokines decrease desire for sex. Parenting can change hormone levels due to smell or pheromones with established effects such as the Libutti and Bruce effects in animals.

      Father's availability and contact with the baby's smell impact the level of hormones that promote parenting behaviors. Illness and pro-inflammatory cytokines like IOL six decrease the desire for sex and reduce levels of testosterone and estrogen, making them bad for sex steroid hormones. The mere act of parenting can change hormone levels due to smell or pheromones. Well-established pheromone effects in animals include the Libutti, Bruce, Whitten, and Vandenberg effects. The Libutti effect shows that the presence of males changes the oscillation cycle of females. The Bruce effect causes pregnant animals to abort or reabsorb their fetus if a novel male replaces the father for 48 hours.

    • The Science of Human Pheromones and Its EffectsHuman pheromones from sweat and urine can have an impact on menstrual cycles and puberty. The vomeronasal equivalent in humans is a combination of smell and taste, and detecting a partner's t-shirt based on pheromone effects is statistically significant.

      The presence of pheromone effects in humans is still a controversial topic, but studies have shown that pheromones from sweat and urine can modulate menstrual cycle patterns and accelerate or delay puberty. Additionally, the pheromones from male urine can cause a re-introduction of the estrous cycle and a spontaneous abortion of the fetus. Although there is no well-identified pheromone organ in humans, studies have shown that the vomeronasal equivalent in humans is a combination of smell and taste. Furthermore, the accuracy of detecting a partner's t-shirt based on pheromone effects is above statistical significant threshold, indicating the reality of pheromone effects in humans.

    • The Impact of Breathing on Hormones and Mate AttractionBreathing through the nose can improve sleep and hormone optimization, while chemicals in perfumes can mimic pheromones to attract mates. Learning proper breathing techniques can optimize hormone levels and reduce sleep apnea incidences.

      Chemical compounds built into perfumes can be designed to attract mates by mimicking pheromones. In the animal world, taste and smell are crucial for mating, and the Fleming response is a well-documented phenomenon. Apnea, or under-breathing during sleep, can negatively impact hormone levels and is associated with reductions in estrogen and testosterone. However, adjusting breathing patterns while awake can improve sleep and hormone optimization. Breathing through the nose, not the mouth, can improve cosmetic features of the face and optimize hormone levels. Learning to breathe in particular ways can have a significant impact on sleep, reduce the incidence of sleep apnea, and boost various hormones in the body.

    • The Importance of Nose Breathing for Hormonal Balance and Sleep Quality.Proper nose breathing can boost testosterone and estrogen balance while reducing cortisol and apnea. Practice nose breathing throughout the day and during sleep to optimize hormonal levels and improve overall health.

      Breathing properly through the nose can positively impact hormones like testosterone and estrogen, while mouth breathing has negative effects on the attractiveness of one's face and jaw. Studies show that reducing or eliminating apnea in sleep can significantly increase testosterone and balance estrogen to testosterone ratios in males and females. This is achieved by decreasing cortisol levels, which can be achieved through proper breathing. Therefore, it is essential to practice nose breathing during waking hours and while sleeping to optimize hormone levels and reduce the negative effects of apnea on the body.

    • The Benefits of Nasal Breathing and Morning Light Exposure.Nasal breathing during exercise can improve breathing and lung capacity, while morning light exposure can affect hormone levels, including fertility and sex drive. Understanding these relationships can lead to better health optimization strategies.

      Nasal breathing during exercise can have numerous positive effects, including reducing apnea and increasing lung capacity. By dilating the nasal passages, individuals can experience easier breathing through their nose. Additionally, viewing bright light within the first hour of waking can have a direct effect on hormone levels, including fertility and libido. The relationship between light, dopamine, and sex steroids is powerful and has been observed in seasonal breeding animals. Understanding these relationships can lead to a deeper understanding of how to optimize light viewing behavior for overall health.

    • How Animal Fur Color and Seasonal Breeding is Linked to Dopamine and HormonesThe color of animal fur and their breeding patterns are related to dopamine levels, which in turn affects sex hormone levels. Optimizing light exposure early in the day can help boost dopamine levels and balance hormones.

      The color of animals' fur is related to their tendency to breed, which is linked to the levels of sex steroid hormones. Dopamine is the link between these, and it increases all three. This means that animals breed more in the summer months when there is more daylight and less in the winter months, which also affects humans' mood and behavior. To optimize testosterone and estrogen levels, it is crucial to get sufficient light exposure in the eyes early in the day, which increases dopamine levels. It is also important to avoid bright light exposure in the middle of the night, as it suppresses dopamine release and affects testosterone and estrogen levels. Taking care of light viewing behavior is important before considering other ways to optimize hormone levels.

    • Optimizing Sleep and Light Viewing Behavior for Hormone Optimization.Paying attention to sleep patterns and avoiding light exposure at night helps regulate sex steroid hormone levels, which reduces anxiety. Cold exposure through ice baths or cold showers also helps regulate hormones and optimize lifestyle.

      Optimizing sleep patterns and light viewing behavior can have a positive effect on sex steroid hormone levels, which can in turn help reduce anxiety and other issues. The relationship between temperature, day length, and sunlight is also closely tied to hormone levels. Cold exposure, such as ice baths or cold showers, can have positive effects on sex steroid hormones through rebound vasodilation and neural effects. Understanding the science behind these phenomena can help individuals make informed decisions about their lifestyle choices and hormone optimization.

    • The Connection Between Brain Neurons and GonadsCooling neurons that control blood flow can increase testosterone or estrogen levels, while excessive heat is not good for the gonads. Exercise can optimize testosterone levels, benefiting both males and females.

      The gonads, ovaries, and testes are heavily vascularized and have a connection to the neurons in the brain that produce gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Cooling neurons that control vasoconstriction and vasodilation through exposure to cold can increase testosterone or estrogen levels by reducing the entry of blood or lowering it. Excessive heat is not good for the gonads as proteins in sperm are heat-sensitive. Exercise, whether weight training or endurance work, can increase testosterone levels in males and females, but the basis for this effect is not fully understood by scientists. Optimizing testosterone levels has numerous positive effects in both males and females.

    • How Heavy Weight Training Can Increase Testosterone LevelsHeavy weight training without going to failure can cause a boost in testosterone for up to 48 hours. Neural engagement and feedback signals can lead to the production of more testosterone or increased receptor activity. However, over-exertion can increase cortisol levels and lower testosterone.

      Heavy weight training, but not weight training to failure, leads to the greatest increases in testosterone in males and females for about a day or up to 48 hours. The engagement of neurons that recruit high threshold motor units in muscle when moving heavy loads provides a feedback signal to the gonad to produce more testosterone or to increase receptor activity. The optimal protocols for increasing testosterone through weight training are not fully understood, but it is clear that working too hard can increase cortisol levels and reduce testosterone.

    • The Science of Testosterone and ExerciseHeavy weight training without going to failure increases testosterone levels. Follow it up with endurance training and high-intensity interval training. Limit endurance exercise to 75 minutes to avoid increased cortisol levels. Menopause symptoms involve reduced estrogen levels and may require supplemental estrogen.

      Weight training with heavy loads, but not to failure, is the best scientifically supported solution to increase testosterone levels. Endurance activity should be done after weight training to optimize testosterone levels as endurance activity performed first leads to a decrease in testosterone. High intensity interval training increases testosterone levels, but endurance exercise beyond 75 minutes leads to a reduction in testosterone levels due to increases in cortisol. Limiting the endurance exercise to 75 minutes or less and not making it too intense is one way to keep cortisol from increasing. Menopause is characterized by a reduction in estrogen levels, and physicians often prescribe supplemental estrogen to combat its symptoms.

    • Alternative Menopausal TreatmentsBlack cohosh, Panax ginseng and Purearia mirifica offer modest to potent relief for menopausal symptoms. Discuss treatment options with a physician, especially if there is a family history of breast cancer.

      There are potential options besides standard estrogen therapy for menopausal symptoms, including compounds such as black cohosh and Panax ginseng. Quality peer reviewed studies have shown modest improvements in symptoms associated with menopause with these compounds. Purearia mirifica has been found to be very potent in reducing menopausal symptoms in comparison to estrogen replacement therapy. It's important to discuss any supplement options with a physician, especially if there is a concern about supplementing estrogen with a breast cancer background in the family.

    • The Importance of Proper Hormone Balance and SupplementationMaintaining proper zinc, magnesium, and vitamin D levels can promote healthy hormone production. Consult a doctor before taking any hormone-related compounds to avoid negative side effects. Opioid use negatively impacts sex hormones. It is recommended to consult with a doctor for proper supplementation and get regular blood work to ensure healthy hormone levels.

      Maintaining proper levels of zinc, magnesium, and vitamin D can promote testosterone and estrogen production in proper ratios. However, it is important to consult with a doctor before taking any hormone-related compounds as they can have serious implications. Opioids are known to negatively impact sex steroid hormones, and excessive use can have numerous endocrine syndromes and disruptions. While there is a vast range of products available in the market, from deer antlers to bull testes, to increase testosterone, it is always safer and recommended to consult a doctor for proper supplement doses. It is also advised to get regular blood work done to ensure proper androgen and vitamin D levels.

    • The Impact of Supplement Compounds on AndrogensSupplement compounds like creatine, Tonga Ali, and boron may have benefits for adjusting androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone, but it's important to research extensively and approach them with caution to understand potential side effects.

      Supplement compounds like creatine, Tonga Ali, and boron have been supported by scientific literature for their ability to adjust androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Creatine has evidence of increasing DHT, but its impact on hair loss can depend on individual susceptibility. Tonga Ali has pro-fertility, pro-free testosterone, and subtle aphrodisiac effects, while also being anti-estrogen. Boron is also interesting as research has shown it to increase free testosterone and decrease estrogen levels. While these supplements may have their benefits, it's important to approach them with caution and research extensively to understand their potential side effects on different organs and tissues.

    • Caution in Hormonal ModulationBoron supplementation may increase testosterone, but cautious examination of potential side effects is necessary as androgen and estrogen modulation can increase cancer risk. Testosterone levels should be within a personalized range for specific goals, and careful consideration of active steroids is advised.

      Boron supplementation has some scientific support for freeing up more testosterone, but it is important to be cautious when modulating hormones, especially androgens and estrogens. Any tissue that recycles itself is prone to cancers, and those tissues thrive on androgens and estrogens to create more tumors. It is not the goal to free up all testosterone, but to get free testosterone into a range that works for your particular goals and needs. In addition, there are active steroids that have bioavailability or their metabolites are bioavailable, and they have been shown in a study to have significant increases in muscle mass strength, hypertrophy effects, and other expected androgen increases when given in conjunction with strength training. When considering hormonal optimization, caution and careful examination of side effects is always crucial.

    • The Impact of Hormonal Supplementation on Sports Performance and FertilityHormone supplementation can enhance sports performance and fertility, but effects vary and depend on an individual's hormonal makeup. It's crucial to be aware of potential impacts on gene expression, strength, and anxiety levels.

      Supplementation with hormones can have a significant impact on sports performance and fertility. Hormones like luteinizing hormone may be increased through the use of prescription drugs like HCG. For those interested in increasing for dojo aggressiveness, FADOGI HRESTIS may increase luteinizing hormone levels. However, it's important to note that supplementation effects can be subtle and varied depending on an individual's hormonal makeup. It's crucial for athletes and individuals seeking hormone therapy to be aware of the potential impact on gene expression, strength, and anxiety levels.

    • Approaching Hormone Supplements with CautionBefore taking hormone supplements, consult with a healthcare provider and monitor hormone levels through regular blood tests and ovulation tracking. Opt for supplements that support hormone production instead of creating a significant increase. Be cautious of potential side effects and toxicity.

      Modifying estrogen or testosterone levels through supplements can have both positive and negative effects on the body and should always be approached with caution. It is important to monitor hormone levels through regular blood tests and tracking ovulation cycles. Supplements that support the overall production of these hormones, such as magnesium, T3, and zinc, may be a better option than those that create a significant increase in hormone levels. Some supplements, such as bull by Natalie census, may have liver toxicity and should be used with caution.

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    In this episode, my guest is Dr. Gabrielle Lyon, D.O., a board-certified physician who did her clinical and research training at Washington University in geriatrics and nutrition. She is also an expert in how diet and exercise impact muscle and whole-body health and longevity. Dr. Lyon is a bestselling author and public educator. We discuss how healthy skeletal muscle promotes longevity, brain health, disease prevention, ideal body composition, and the health of other organs and bodily systems. She makes specific nutritional recommendations for optimal health: what to eat, how much to eat, the timing of meals, the essential need for adequate quality protein (including animal and plant-based options), supplementation, and how our dietary requirements change with age. She explains why specific types of resistance training are essential to build and maintain muscle and overall metabolic health. She also describes how to include resistance training as part of your exercise regimen — regardless of age or sex.  She also provides specific mindset tools to encourage sustained adherence to healthy eating and exercise practices. Women and men of all ages will benefit from Dr. Lyon’s practical, evidence-based protocols to improve muscle and whole-body appearance, function, and health. Access the full show notes, including referenced articles, books, people mentioned, and additional resources at hubermanlab.com. Andrew's New Book Protocols: An Operating Manual for the Human Body: https://protocolsbook.com Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Maui Nui Venison: https://mauinuivenison.com/huberman  Levels: https://levels.link/huberman  Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman  Timestamps 00:00:00 Protocols Book; Dr. Gabrielle Lyon 00:03:23 Sponsors: Maui Nui, Levels & Helix Sleep 00:07:40 Skeletal Muscle & Longevity 00:11:25 “Under-muscled”, Leucine & Muscle Health 00:15:55 Muscle Health 00:19:45 Tool: Carbohydrate Consumption & Activity, Glycogen 00:25:14 Tools: Nutrition for Healthy Skeletal Muscle, First Meal 00:31:57 Sponsor: AG1 00:33:46 Quality Protein, Animal & Plant-Based Proteins 00:37:36 Dietary Protein Recommendations, Meal Threshold 00:41:19 Muscle Health & Aging 00:46:02 Supplements & Creatine; Dietary Protein 00:50:07 Tool: Dietary Protein Recommendation; Gout & Cancer Risk 00:52:43 Effects of Dietary Protein & Exercise on Body Composition 01:03:06 Thermic Effects, Protein  01:05:02 Sponsor: InsideTracker 01:06:14 Protein & Satiety, Insulin & Glucose 01:12:04 Tool: Older Adults, Resistance Training & Dietary Protein 01:17:48 Dietary Protein, mTOR & Cancer Risk 01:21:36 Muscle Span & Aging, Sedentary Behaviors 01:24:00 Mixed Meals, Protein Quality, Fiber 01:29:21 Inactivity & Insulin Resistance, Inflammation 01:38:43 Exercise & Myokines, Brain Health & BDNF 01:44:11 Tool: Resistance Training Protocols, Hypertrophy, “High Ground” 01:52:51 High Ground Exercises; Tendon Strength; Training Duration, Blue Zones 01:58:19 Movement, Exercise & Older Adults 02:04:25 Tool: Protein Timing & Resistance Training; VO2 Max, Aging, Blood Work 02:11:13 Supplements: Creatine, Urolithin A, Whey Protein, Fish Oil, Collagen 02:20:18 Fasting, Older Adults; Tool: Meal Timing 02:25:18 Animal Proteins & Dairy; Organ Meats, Vegan; Magnesium, Zinc 02:30:59 Medications & Muscle Health 02:32:49 Obesity & GLP-1 Analogs, Ozempic, Mounjaro, Skeletal Muscle 02:40:48 Benefits of Skeletal Muscle & Aging 02:42:16 Tools: Nutrition & Resistance Training for Muscle Health 02:45:44 Mindset Tools: Standards vs. Goals; Vulnerability Points 02:52:00 Mindset Tools: Neutrality; Health & Worth 03:01:14 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter, Protocols Book Disclaimer
    Huberman Lab
    enJune 24, 2024

    Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin: Why Muscle Matters & How to Build It

    Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin: Why Muscle Matters & How to Build It
    I'm honored to share Episode 2 of the first season of Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin. Dr. Andy Galpin is a tenured full professor at California State University, Fullerton, where he co-directs the Center for Sport Performance and leads the Biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory. Andy is both a friend and a colleague, and I'm delighted to have assisted in the creation of this podcast. I'm certain you'll both enjoy and learn from it. Season 1 features 10 episodes, airing every Wednesday for 10 weeks. Dr. Galpin will cover everything from building strength, the importance of strength for long-term health, the science of breathing, the benefits of sleep extension, genetic testing for personalized training, and nutrition for injury recovery. While we have Episode 2 of Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin here, please be sure to subscribe and follow Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin on your preferred platform. Show notes for this episode can be found at performpodcast.com. Timestamps 00:00:00 Introduction from Dr. Andrew Huberman 00:01:06 Skeletal Muscle 00:04:06 Sponsors: Absolute Rest & Momentous 00:07:20 Quantity & Quality; Organ System; Health & Performance 00:12:58 Plasticity, “Look Good, Feel Good, Play Good”; Muscle Types 00:15:46 What is Muscle?, Muscle Fibers, Tendon 00:21:37 Muscle Fiber Number, Hyperplasia, Anabolic Steroids, Age 00:24:03 Myonuclei & Adaptability 00:26:27 Muscle Fiber Types, Variable Muscle Functions 00:32:24 Fiber Type & Lifestyle Factors 00:34:54 Sponsors: David Protein & AG1 00:37:37 Age & Muscle Loss, Slow vs. Fast-Twitch Fibers; Motor Units 00:46:36 Muscle Size vs. Muscle Strength, Quantity vs. Quality 00:50:56 Investigate: Muscle Quantity, Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI) 00:56:21 FFMI, Elite Athletes, Muscle Mass 01:00:59 Muscle Asymmetry; Too Much Muscle Possible? 01:03:49 Interpret: Muscle Mass, FFMI Calculations & Percentiles 01:09:28 Tool: Intervene - Increase Muscle Mass, 72-Hour Rule 01:15:27 Sponsors: Maui Nui & Renaissance Periodization 01:17:51 Investigate: Muscle Quality & 4 Movement Principles 01:23:34 Muscle Quality & 3 Performance Principles  01:26:42 Interpret: Muscle Speed, Age 01:32:45 Muscle Power, Vertical Jump, Broad Jump 01:36:17 Muscle Strength, Powerlifting Elite, Bench Press, Leg Press, Grip Strength 01:44:05 Increasing Strength, Improve Health & Longevity 01:46:44 Tool: Intervene - Improve Muscle Quality, 4 Training Principles, 3-to-5 Rule 01:53:56 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Subscribe & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Social Media 01:56:10 Conclusion from Dr. Andrew Huberman Disclaimer
    Huberman Lab
    enJune 19, 2024

    Dr. Zachary Knight: The Science of Hunger & Medications to Combat Obesity

    Dr. Zachary Knight: The Science of Hunger & Medications to Combat Obesity
    In this episode, my guest is Dr. Zachary Knight, Ph.D., a professor of physiology at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), and Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) investigator. We discuss how the brain controls our sense of hunger, satiety, and thirst. He explains how dopamine levels impact our cravings and eating behavior (amount, food choices, etc) and how we develop and can change our food preferences and adjust how much we need to eat to feel satisfied. We discuss factors that have led to the recent rise in obesity, such as interactions between our genes and the environment and the role of processed foods and food combinations. We also discuss the new class of medications developed for the treatment of obesity and diabetes, including the GLP-1 agonists semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) and tirzepatide (Mounjaro). We discuss how these medications work to promote weight loss, the source of their side effects, and the newer compounds soon to overcome some of those side effects, such as muscle loss. Dr. Knight provides an exceptionally clear explanation for our sense of hunger, thirst, and food cravings that translates to practical knowledge to help listeners better understand their relationship to food, food choices, and meal size to improve their diet and overall health. For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman  BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Waking Up: https://wakingup.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Dr. Zachary Knight 00:02:38 Sponsors: BetterHelp, Helix Sleep & Waking Up 00:07:07 Hunger & Timescales 00:11:28 Body Fat, Leptin, Hunger 00:17:51 Leptin Resistance & Obesity 00:20:52 Hunger, Food Foraging & Feeding Behaviors, AgRP Neurons 00:30:26 Sponsor: AG1 00:32:15 Body Weight & Obesity, Genes & POMC Neurons 00:39:54 Obesity, Genetics & Environmental Factors 00:46:05 Whole Foods, Ultra-Processed Foods & Palatability 00:49:32 Increasing Whole Food Consumption, Sensory Specific Satiety & Learning 00:58:55 Calories vs. Macronutrients, Protein & Salt 01:02:23 Sponsor: LMNT 01:03:58 Challenges of Weight Loss: Hunger & Energy Expenditure 01:09:50 GLP-1 Drug Development, Semaglutide, Ozempic, Wegovy 01:19:03 GLP-1 Drugs: Muscle Loss, Appetite Reduction, Nausea 01:23:24 Pharmacologic & Physiologic Effects; GLP-1 Drugs, Additional Positive Effects 01:30:14 GLP-1-Plus Development, Tirzepatide, Mounjaro, AMG 133 01:34:49 Alpha-MSH & Pharmacology 01:40:41 Dopamine, Eating & Context 01:46:01 Dopamine & Learning, Water Content & Food 01:53:23 Salt, Water & Thirst 02:03:27 Hunger vs. Thirst 02:05:46 Dieting, Nutrition & Mindset 02:09:39 Tools: Improving Diet & Limiting Food Intake 02:14:15 Anti-Obesity Drug Development 02:17:03 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Follow & Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer
    Huberman Lab
    enJune 17, 2024

    Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin: How & Why to Strengthen Your Heart & Cardiovascular Fitness

    Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin: How & Why to Strengthen Your Heart & Cardiovascular Fitness
    I'm honored to share the first episode of the new podcast, Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin. Dr. Andy Galpin is a tenured full professor at California State University, Fullerton, where he co-directs the Center for Sport Performance and leads the Biochemistry and Molecular Exercise Physiology Laboratory. Andy is both a friend and a colleague, and I’m delighted to have assisted in the creation of this podcast. I'm certain you'll both enjoy and learn from it. Season 1 features 10 episodes, airing every Wednesday for 10 weeks. Dr. Galpin will cover everything from building strength, the importance of strength for long-term health, the science of breathing, the benefits of sleep extension, genetic testing for personalized training, and nutrition for injury recovery. While we have Episode 1 of Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin here, please be sure to subscribe and follow Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin on your preferred platform. Show notes for this episode can be found at performpodcast.com. Timestamps 00:00:00 Introduction from Dr. Andrew Huberman 00:01:07 Heart 00:03:55 Sponsors: Vitality Blueprint & Rhone 00:07:27 Muscle Types 00:09:54 VO2 max, Health & Mortality 00:15:49 Overall Health, Cardiorespiratory Fitness & All-Cause Mortality 00:25:23 Sponsor: AG1 00:26:54 Disease, Health & Mortality 00:30:02 Cardiac Muscle & Heart 00:38:29 Cardiac Muscle vs. Skeletal Muscle, Cardiac Advantages 00:43:53 Pacemakers & Heart Rate, Vagus Nerve 00:50:35 Why Doesn’t the Heart Get Sore? 00:54:32 Heart & Exercise, Stroke Volume, Ejection Fraction, Cardiac Output 00:59:21 Heart Rate Variability 01:02:41 Sponsors: Momentous & LMNT 01:06:54 Why Do You Breathe?: Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide & Respiratory Rate 01:13:37 Respiratory Rate & Stress 01:15:08 Tool: The “Three I’s”, Investigate: Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate, VO2 Max 01:19:53 Tool: Interpretation, Resting Heart Rate & Ranges 01:23:16 Tool: Interpretation: VO2 Max & Ranges 01:30:45 Athletes & Highest VO2 Max Scores 01:35:53 Elite Athletes & Context for VO2 Max Scores 01:41:42 Tool: Intervention, VO2 Max, Varying Exercise Intensities, SAID Principle 01:48:20 Tool: Varying Exercise Intensity; Intervals & Continuous Training; Frequency 01:58:18 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube, Spotify & Apple Subscribe & Reviews, Sponsors, YouTube Feedback, Social Media 01:59:55 Conclusion from Dr. Andrew Huberman Disclaimer
    Huberman Lab
    enJune 12, 2024

    Dr. Jonathan Haidt: How Smartphones & Social Media Impact Mental Health & the Realistic Solutions

    Dr. Jonathan Haidt: How Smartphones & Social Media Impact Mental Health & the Realistic Solutions
    In this episode, my guest is Dr. Jonathan Haidt, Ph.D., professor of social psychology at New York University and bestselling author on how technology and culture impact the psychology and health of kids, teens, and adults. We discuss the dramatic rise of suicide, depression, and anxiety as a result of replacing a play-based childhood with smartphones, social media, and video games. He explains how a screen-filled childhood leads to challenges in psychological development that negatively impact learning, resilience, identity, cooperation, and conflict resolution — all of which are crucial skills for future adult relationships and career success. We also discuss how phones and social media impact boys and girls differently and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of how smartphones alter basic brain plasticity and function.  Dr. Haidt explains his four recommendations for healthier smartphone use in kids, and we discuss how to restore childhood independence and play in the current generation.  This is an important topic for everyone, young or old, parents and teachers, students and families, to be aware of in order to understand the potential mental health toll of smartphone use and to apply tools to foster skill-building and reestablish healthy norms for our kids. For show notes, including referenced articles and additional resources, please visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman  Helix Sleep: https://helixsleep.com/huberman AeroPress: https://aeropress.com/huberman Joovv: https://joovv.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Dr. Jonathan Haidt 00:02:01 Sponsors: Helix Sleep, AeroPress & Joovv 00:06:23 Great Rewiring of Childhood: Technology, Smartphones & Social Media 00:12:48 Mental Health Trends: Boys, Girls & Smartphones 00:16:26 Smartphone Usage, Play-Based to Phone-Based Childhood 00:20:40 The Tragedy of Losing Play-Based Childhood 00:28:13 Sponsor: AG1 00:30:02 Girls vs. Boys, Interests & Trapping Kids 00:37:31 “Effectance,” Systems & Relationships, Animals 00:41:47 Boys Sexual Development, Dopamine Reinforcement & Pornography 00:49:19 Boys, Courtship, Chivalry & Technology; Gen Z Development 00:55:24 Play & Low-Stakes Mistakes, Video Games & Social Media, Conflict Resolution 00:59:48 Sponsor: LMNT 01:01:23 Social Media, Trolls, Performance 01:06:47 Dynamic Subordination, Hierarchy, Boys 01:10:15 Girls & Perfectionism, Social Media & Performance 01:14:00 Phone-Based Childhood & Brain Development, Critical Periods 01:21:15 Puberty & Sensitive Periods, Culture & Identity 01:23:55 Brain Development & Puberty; Identity; Social Media, Learning & Reward 01:33:37 Tool: 4 Recommendations for Smartphone Use in Kids 01:41:48 Changing Childhood Norms, Policies & Legislature 01:49:13 Summer Camp, Team Sports, Religion, Music 01:54:36 Boredom, Addiction & Smartphones; Tool: “Awe Walks” 02:03:14 Casino Analogy & Ceding Childhood; Social Media Content 02:09:33 Adult Behavior; Tool: Meals & Phones 02:11:45 Regaining Childhood Independence; Tool: Family Groups & Phones 02:16:09 Screens & Future Optimism, Collective Action, KOSA Bill 02:24:52 Zero-Cost Support, Spotify & Apple Reviews, YouTube Feedback, Social Media, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer
    Huberman Lab
    enJune 10, 2024

    LIVE EVENT Q&A: Dr. Andrew Huberman at the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre

    LIVE EVENT Q&A: Dr. Andrew Huberman at the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre
    Recently I had the pleasure of hosting a live event in Brisbane, Australia. This event was part of a lecture series called The Brain Body Contract. My favorite part of the evening was the question and answer period, where I had the opportunity to answer questions from the attendees of each event. Included here is the Q&A from our event at the Brisbane Convention & Exhibition Centre. Sign up to get notified about future events: https://www.hubermanlab.com/events Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://drinkag1.com/huberman Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/huberman Resources Mentioned Huberman Lab Non-Sleep Deep Rest Protocols Huberman Lab Guest Series with Dr. Matt Walker Huberman Lab Guest Series with Dr. Paul Conti Huberman Lab Guest Series with Dr. Andy Galpin Dr. Becky Kennedy: Protocols for Excellent Parenting & Improving Relationships of All Kinds Perform with Dr. Andy Galpin Timestamps 00:00 Introduction 00:31 Sponsors: AG1 & Eight Sleep 03:48 Nicotine Discussion 07:42 ADHD Management: Tools & Medications 12:43 Sleep Deprivation & Recovery 18:54 Understanding & Addressing Burnout 22:12 Daily Nutrition & Eating Habits 24:40 Understanding Food & Neural Pathways 26:21 The Benefits of Elimination Diets 27:21 Intermittent Fasting & Personal Diet Choices 28:23 Top Health & Fitness Recommendations 30:50 The Value of Non-Sleep Deep Rest (NSDR) 33:08 Testosterone Replacement Therapy Insights 38:02 Breathing Techniques for Stress & Focus 41:46 Morning Sunlight & Circadian Rhythms 43:18 Parenting Tips for a Healthy Start 49:03 Final Thoughts & Gratitude Disclaimer
    Huberman Lab
    enJune 07, 2024

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