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    The medicines hiding in your spice rack with Kanchan Koya & Dr. Sarah Berry

    enMay 02, 2024

    Podcast Summary

    • Ancient Wisdom and Modern Science Agree: Spices Have Health BenefitsSpices, rich in polyphenols, can potentially treat arthritis, improve blood sugar control, preserve food, and enhance meal taste. Incorporate a variety for optimal health.

      Spices, which have long been used for their flavorful properties in cooking, also contain medicinal benefits. These benefits come from compounds called polyphenols, which are highly concentrated in herbs and spices. Ancient civilizations recognized the additional health properties of spices, and now science is catching up to this intuitive wisdom. Spices can potentially help treat arthritis, improve blood sugar control, and even preserve food. The way spices are cooked or prepared can also affect their health benefits. It's recommended to have spices in every meal for optimal health. The most surprising thing about spices is that many people don't use them regularly, despite their numerous health benefits. So, incorporating a variety of spices into your diet can not only enhance the taste of your meals but also potentially improve your health.

    • Polyphenols: Natural Defense Mechanism in PlantsPolyphenols are antioxidants found in plants that protect against UV radiation, oxidative stress, and microbial threats. They offer health benefits by neutralizing free radicals and promoting positive effects through hormesis.

      Polyphenols are beneficial compounds found in plants, acting as a natural defense mechanism against UV radiation, oxidative stress, and microbial threats. These compounds, abundant in spices and other plant parts exposed to the elements, offer antioxidant properties that help neutralize free radicals produced during cellular processes in our bodies. Furthermore, a concept called hormesis suggests that a small amount of stress, such as consuming polyphenols, can have positive effects on our health. By protecting plants and offering health benefits for humans, polyphenols serve as a crucial connection between the plant kingdom and our own wellbeing.

    • Consuming stressors like exercise and spices with polyphenols activate cellular repair pathways for long-term health benefitsIncorporating polyphenol-rich foods like pigmented fruits, vegetables, and spices can support long-term health and resilience by activating cellular repair pathways

      Our bodies respond to certain stressors, like exercise or consuming spices with polyphenols, in a way that builds resilience and improves health in the long term. This is due to the activation of our own cellular repair pathways, such as the nrf2 pathway, which act as antioxidants and protect against damage. Fasting and consuming spices with polyphenols are examples of short-term stressors that have long-term benefits. Polyphenols, which are abundant in pigmented fruits and vegetables, have been linked to numerous health improvements, including cancer prevention, type 2 diabetes management, and cardiovascular disease reduction. A recent study from UCLA found that consuming 4 grams of cinnamon a day for 4 weeks, in culinary amounts, led to statistically significant reductions in 24-hour glucose concentrations, demonstrating the blood sugar control benefits of this common spice. Overall, incorporating a variety of polyphenol-rich foods into your diet can support long-term health and resilience.

    • Adding anti-inflammatory spices to meals can reduce inflammationIncorporating anti-inflammatory spices into your diet is a simple, delicious way to support balanced blood sugar and reduce inflammation.

      Adding cinnamon and other anti-inflammatory spices to your diet can have positive effects on blood sugar and inflammation, even if used in culinary amounts. A study mentioned in the discussion found that adding a spice blend to a standard American meal led to reductions in inflammatory markers right after the meal. While spices alone cannot replace a healthy diet, they can enhance its quality and make it more exciting. Additionally, studies suggest that populations with higher consumption of certain spices have lower incidences of chronic diseases underpinned by inflammation, such as type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Another study mentioned found that turmeric supplements worked as well as NSAIDs in reducing inflammation, but more research is needed to determine if the same therapeutic effect can be achieved through diet alone. Overall, incorporating anti-inflammatory spices into your diet is a simple, delicious way to support balanced blood sugar and reduce inflammation.

    • Spices: More Than Just FlavorSpices like chili peppers reduce mortality, act as prebiotics, contain polyphenols, and are linked to specific gut microbiome species, enhancing flavor and promoting health.

      Spices, such as chili peppers, have been found to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects at a cellular level, but they also act as prebiotics for the gut microbiome. Studies have shown that regular consumption of chili peppers can reduce all-cause mortality, possibly due to their anti-inflammatory compounds like capsaicin. Additionally, spices contain polyphenols, which can be broken down by gut bacteria into active forms that have beneficial effects on the body. The ZOEPREDICT study found that certain spices and herbs are associated with specific gut microbiome species. Spices not only enhance the flavor of food but also have health benefits, making them an essential part of a healthy diet. I brought a spice box today to showcase some whole spices, such as cinnamon, star anise, and ginger, which are commonly used in Indian cuisine and have various health benefits. Spices not only make food taste better but also contribute to overall health and well-being.

    • Activating the Potential of SpicesGently crushing or grinding spices releases valuable bioactive compounds, enhancing their aroma, flavor, and potential health benefits.

      Spices, which are often used in cooking and have long been a part of traditional Indian medicine, contain valuable bioactive compounds. These compounds can be released and enhanced through the simple act of gently crushing or grinding the spices before cooking. For instance, cinnamon, star anise, cloves, ginger, and turmeric all have unique properties that can be activated when smashed, leading to a more potent aroma, flavor, and potential health benefits. Shikimic acid, found in star anise, is even the starting point in the synthesis of Tamiflu, a modern antiviral drug. While modern medicine relies on refined versions of these natural compounds, the ancient wisdom of using whole spices as a source of health and flavor is still relevant today.

    • Unlocking the full potential of spicesCrushing or heating spices like cloves and cinnamon releases their antioxidants and bioactives, enhancing their health benefits.

      Spices like cloves and cinnamon offer both flavor and health benefits, but to fully unlock their potential, they often need to be crushed or heated. Clove, for instance, has high antioxidant potential and topical pain-relieving properties. Crushing it releases these benefits, making it effective for sore throats and dental pain. Cinnamon, when heated or crushed, releases its bioactives and volatile compounds, enhancing its health benefits. Heat can also activate the bioavailability of certain nutrients in spices, like curcumin in turmeric. However, some spices, such as sumac, are more sensitive to heat and are best used in their raw form on cold dishes. Overall, the health benefits of spices go beyond their taste, and taking the time to crush or heat them can significantly enhance their impact.

    • Reviving the Power of Old SpicesHeating or crushing old spices can unlock their full health benefits, while whole spices last longer than ground ones. Individual food choices based on personal needs can enhance energy and prolong life.

      Using spices, whether fresh or old, provides health benefits, but the full range of benefits, particularly the activation of polyphenols, is best achieved when spices are cooked or heated. Old spices can be reawakened by crushing or heating, and whole spices last longer than ground ones. It's recommended to store spices away from heat and light for maximum shelf life. Additionally, making smarter food choices based on individual needs, such as blood sugar levels, can lead to improved energy, reduced hunger, and potentially longer, healthier lives. Ginger, a commonly used spice for morning sickness, is particularly noteworthy for its ability to help alleviate symptoms, even if an individual doesn't particularly enjoy its taste. Overall, incorporating spices into your diet, whether through cooking or alternative methods, can contribute to better health and wellbeing.

    • Discover the health benefits of gingerGinger, with its active compound gingerol, can improve digestion, gut health, and relieve nausea. It may influence gut transit time and positively impact the gut microbiome, contributing to better health outcomes.

      Ginger, with its bioactive compound gingerol, has been linked to various health benefits including improved digestion, gut health, and relief from nausea. Studies suggest that ginger can influence gut transit time, contributing to better digestive health and associated health outcomes. Ginger also shows promise in positively impacting the gut microbiome, shifting it towards an anti-inflammatory state. While ginger generally has no downsides, those with heartburn and acid reflux may experience aggravation. Research is ongoing, but the evidence supports potential benefits for digestion, nausea, and even PMS symptoms. To incorporate ginger into daily life, start by adding it to familiar dishes, like breakfast, with simple spices and no need for specialized equipment. Empowering everyday cooks with small steps, like adding one spice to a favorite dish, can lead to significant improvements in overall health and enjoyment of meals.

    • Adding spices to meals for health benefitsIncorporating spices like cumin, coriander, and chili peppers daily can provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Sprinkle on avocado toast, yogurt snacks, vegetable dips, and popcorn for tasty and nutritious options.

      Incorporating spices like cumin, coriander, and chili peppers into your daily meals can provide numerous health benefits, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. These spices are easy to use and can be sprinkled on various dishes, including avocado toast, yogurt-based snacks, and even popcorn. For example, a yogurt snack with berries, nuts, and spices like cinnamon, nutmeg, and cardamom can be a delicious and healthy option. Additionally, spicing up a vegetable dip with Greek yogurt, olive oil, garlic, and a blend of spices can create a savory and nutritious snack. Even popcorn can be transformed into a spiced, polyphenol-rich snack by tossing it with a preferred spice blend. To get the recommended 1-2 teaspoons of spices per day for anti-inflammatory effects, try adding them to multiple meals throughout the day. Overall, incorporating these simple and tasty additions to your meals can contribute to a healthier lifestyle.

    • Adding spices to meals and dishesIncorporating spices like cinnamon, cardamom, and curry blends into meals and dishes can enhance flavors and provide health benefits.

      Incorporating spices into your meals and dishes, even the ones you already make regularly, can greatly enhance their flavors and provide additional health benefits. Spices like cinnamon, cardamom, and curry blends can be added to savory dishes like bolognese, grilled salmon, or roasted cauliflower, as well as sweet dishes like banana bread. Children can also be introduced to spices through their favorite foods, and getting them involved in the process can make it a fun and educational experience. Spices are not just limited to hot and spicy flavors; they are aromatic, complex, and beautifully layered. Regular consumption of certain spices has been linked to better cognitive health and other health benefits. Additionally, incorporating spices into drinks like chai and golden milk can make for delicious and soothing beverages. Overall, adding spices to your meals and drinks can be a simple yet effective way to add excitement and health benefits to your daily life.

    • Discover the health benefits of incorporating spices into your daily mealsAdding spices like turmeric, cumin, coriander, chili, nutmeg, and cinnamon to your meals can enhance flavor and provide numerous health benefits. Try golden milk or spiced roasted cauliflower for a delicious and healthy experience.

      Incorporating spices into your daily meals not only enhances the flavor but also provides numerous health benefits. Golden milk, a turmeric milk made with soy or almond milk, a pinch of black pepper, nutmeg, and a little sweetener, is an excellent example of a warming, comforting beverage packed with polyphenols. Spices like turmeric, cumin, coriander, chili, nutmeg, and cinnamon, when combined, create a synergistic effect that can intervene in the body's inflammation process at different levels. Tandoori cauliflower, a showstopper dish made by roasting a whole head of cauliflower in a yogurt-based marinade, is a perfect example of the magic that happens when we combine spices. Additionally, adding a spice blend to your meals can give you more polyphenols per teaspoon than using a single spice. Lastly, adding spices to grilled meats can reduce the formation of harmful compounds and add more flavor. So, start experimenting with spices in your everyday meals and impress your guests with delicious and healthy dishes.

    • Discovering Health Benefits of Spices through Interaction with Gut BacteriaAdding spices to meals can unlock health benefits through interaction with gut bacteria. Start small, experiment with various dishes, and consider adding spices like cinnamon, rosemary, and garlic to bolognese or salmon.

      Incorporating various spices into your diet can have numerous health benefits. These benefits come from the polyphenols and other protective chemicals in spices, which are released when they're consumed and interact with the bacteria in our gut. Some spices need to be cooked to unlock their full potential, while others can be used raw. Crushing spices can help release their flavors and benefits, but they can last a long time if kept whole. To incorporate more spices into your meals, start small by adding them to dishes you already enjoy, like avocado or yogurt. You can also experiment with adding spices to drinks, like golden milk, or making snacks, like curried popcorn. For meals, consider adding spices like cinnamon, rosemary, and garlic to dishes like bolognese or salmon. And for a special treat, try making a spiced dinner party dish, like the one Katya described. Overall, adding more spices to your diet can be a simple and delicious way to improve your health.

    • Exploring new flavors through spices and pre-mixed blendsExperimenting with spices, including pre-mixed blends, can enhance food flavors and broaden culinary horizons. Personalized nutrition guidance from Zoe, based on individual test results, can help make sustainable food choices for improved health.

      Importance of experimenting with spices, particularly using pre-mixed blends as a starting point, to enhance the flavors of your food and broaden your culinary horizons. Kanchan provided a delightful example of curry popcorn, and her presence added a visual and olfactory feast to the conversation. While listening to this podcast can provide valuable insights into improving your health through diet, a more personalized and effective approach comes from utilizing a service like Zoe. With its science-backed guidance based on individual test results, Zoe acts as a personal health coach, helping members make sustainable food choices to improve their health and enjoy more energy and fewer health issues. To begin this transformative journey, take the Zoe quiz and receive a free program tailored to your unique needs. As a podcast listener, you can also receive a 10% discount by visiting zoe.com/podcast.

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    Cyrus Cooper is a Professor of Rheumatology at the University of Southampton, where he is also the Director of the MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and Vice-Dean of Medicine. In addition, he’s a Professor of Musculoskeletal Science at the Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences at the University of Oxford.

    Tim Spector is one of the world’s top 100 most-cited scientists, a professor of epidemiology, and scientific Co-Founder at ZOE. Tim trained originally in rheumatology and epidemiology. 

    Make smarter food choices for your body: zoe.com/podcast

    Follow Tim on Instagram.

    If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to zoe.com/podcast, and get 10% off your personalised nutrition program.

    Follow ZOE on Instagram.

    Timecodes

    00:00 Introduction

    01:21 Quickfire questions

    03:08 What is osteoporosis?

    06:10 Why might our bones become more fragile as we age?

    08:10 Your skeleton renews itself all the time

    10:30 Does menopause cause osteoporosis?

    12:48 What's it like living with osteoporosis?

    15:16 How common is osteoporosis in males?

    16:04 What are the symptoms of osteoporosis and at what age should you get checked?

    21:40 Some chilling statistics about osteoporosis

    23:10 Common myths about the effects of calcium and vitamin D on osteoporosis

    27:50 What is the latest science on vitamin D supplementation?

    34:10 Can vitamin D and calcium ensure children’s bone density is healthy?

    34:55 Osteoporosis treatment options, including new drugs    

    37:20 The impacts of HRT on bone density

    39:30 What are the downsides to some of these treatments?

    43:00 Does physical activity help to prevent fractures?

    44:30 Lifestyle impacts: diet and nutrition

    49:40 Can exercise make your bones stronger?

    55:20 Ideal exercises to prevent osteoporosis

    57:10 Cyrus and Tim’s top 3 actions to improve bone health

    59:10 Summary

    Mentioned in today's episode:


    Relevant studies:

    Intermittent fasting: what we learned from the world's biggest study with Prof. Tim Spector & Gin Stephens

    Intermittent fasting: what we learned from the world's biggest study with Prof. Tim Spector & Gin Stephens

    Did you know that intermittent fasting can have significant health benefits? By aligning your eating schedule with your body's natural rhythms, it can bolster heart health, enhance insulin sensitivity, and support weight loss.

    In today’s episode, Jonathan, Prof. Tim Spector, and Gin Stephens dive into the world of intermittent fasting, with a focus on time-restricted eating.

    Gin shares essential tips for beginners and explains what it takes to be successful. Tim explores the groundbreaking findings of The Big IF Study from 2022, the largest exploration of intermittent fasting to date. They also unpack controversies and describe who might want to avoid fasting.

    Gin Stephens is an intermittent fasting advocate, New York Times bestselling author, and podcast host. Gin has been living the intermittent fasting lifestyle since 2014.

    Follow Gin on Instagram.

    Tim Spector is a professor of genetic epidemiology at King’s College London, director of the Twins UK study, scientific co-founder of ZOE, and one of the world’s leading researchers. 

    Follow Tim on Instagram.

    If you want to uncover the right foods for your body, head to zoe.com/podcast, and get 10% off your personalized nutrition program.

    Want ZOE Science & Nutrition’s top 10 tips for healthier living? Download our FREE guide.

    Follow ZOE on Instagram.

    Timecodes:

    01:25 Quick fire questions

    03:25 What is intermittent fasting?

    04:35 What are the most common types of fasting?

    06:00 The circadian rhythm and fasting

    08:22 The Big IF study explanation and results

    13:41 Breakfast misconceptions explained

    16:01 How do the Big IF study results compare to other research?

    18:56 What are the health benefits of sticking to the Big IF study?

    24:00 What is Tim’s intermittent fasting schedule like?

    25:40 Jonathan's experience with the Big IF study

    28:04 What is metabolic flexibility?

    32:43 Practical advice for getting started.

    35:40 Cephalic phase insulin response

    40:30 Is there an ideal length for an eating window and time to start?

    43:20 Can you eat whatever you want?

    44:30 Can people over 70 years of age fast safely?

    51:21  Summary

    Mentioned in today's episode:

    Flipping the metabolic switch: Understanding and applying the health benefits of fasting in Obesity

    The Big IF Study 

    Books by Gin Stephens:

    28-day Fast Start: Day By Day

    Fast. Feast. Repeat. 

    Is there a nutrition topic you’d like us to explore? Email us at podcast@joinzoe.com, and we’ll do our best to cover...

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