Our Curious Amalgam

It's often said that patent protection rewards innovation and benefits consumers. But are there competition law issues with having "too many" patents? Kate Swisher, an antitrust litigator at White & Case, joins co-hosts Alicia Downey and Lijun Zhang to discuss the tension between patent law and antitrust law in the context of so-called "patent thickets," particularly in the pharmaceutical industry. Listen to this episode to learn how courts are treating claims that obtaining a large number of patents for a single product may be an anticompetitive practice.

With special guest:

Kate Swisher, White & Case LLP

Hosted by:

Alicia Downey, Downey Law LLC and Lijun Zhang, Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP

The U.S. federal district courts have magistrate judges who are appointed to assist the district court judges and generally oversee first appearances of criminal defendants, set bail, and conduct other administrative duties. But is the role of a magistrate judge different across districts? In a district like Eastern District of Virginia where the trial docket is so fast that it earned the nickname as a “Rocket Docket,” a magistrate judge can make important decisions and have a great impact on the cases there. Judge Lindsey Vaala, the first magistrate judge interviewed by our program, and a long-time active member of the ABA Antitrust Law Section, speaks with Anora Wang and Melissa Maxman on her previous career as an antitrust litigator, her path to the bench, and to the extent that she can speak, her views on current antitrust issues.

With special guest:

The Honorable Judge Lindsey R. Vaala, Magistrate Judge, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia

Related Links:

Magistrate Judge Lindsey Vaala Appointment Announcement Nov 2022

Hosted by:

Anora Wang, Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP and Melissa H. Maxman, Cohen & Gresser LLP

The US antitrust agencies' approach to merger remedies has undergone a significant change under the Biden administration. Remedies are increasingly disfavored. In this episode, Dan Ducore, former Assistant Director of the Federal Trade Commission's Bureau of Competition Compliance Division, joins Barry Nigro and Jeny Maier to discuss the growing skepticism towards merger remedies by the US antitrust authorities. Listen to this episode to learn more about whether merger remedies remain a viable option in the US and, if so, how parties should approach them given the government’s current hostility toward remedies.

With special guest:

Dan Ducore, former Assistant Director of the Federal Trade Commission's Bureau of Competition Compliance Division

Related Links:

Daniel P. Ducore, "Negotiating Remedies: A Perspective from Various Agencies," Global Competition Review (October 2023)

Hosted by:

Barry Nigro, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP and Jeny Maier, Axinn, Veltrop & Harkrider LLP

When are MFNs good and when are they bad? A "most favored nation" (MFN) price requirement ensures that a buyer receives the lowest price that a seller is offering to other buyers. Under U.S. antitrust law, such MFNs are typically viewed as a procompetitive outcome of price bargaining between parties. But recently, the use of MFNs by Amazon's internet retailing platform has been challenged as an anticompetitive business practice. In this episode, Alicia Downey and Barry Nigro talk to economist Tasneem Chipty about the potential competition concerns raised by MFNs generally and platform MFNs specifically. Listen and learn in what circumstances most favored nation requirements might raise antitrust red flags.

With special guest:

Tasneem Chipty, Managing Principal, Chipty Economics

Related Links:

Tasneem Chipty, "Platform MFNs: Can Asking for the Lowest Price Discourage Competition?", Pricing Conduct Committee Newsletter (ABA Antitrust Law Section Jan. 9. 2024)

Hosted by:

Alicia Downey, Downey Law LLC and Barry Nigro, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP

Large amounts of information are collected during merger control and behavioural competition law investigations. What are the personal data protection issues raised? Dan Rupprecht, Director for Europe of iDiscovery Solutions, joins Aaron Yeater and Matthew Hall to discuss the differences between these two types of investigations, why and how the EU/UK and U.S. approaches differ in this area, the technology that is used and the future. Listen to this episode to learn more about protection of personal data when working in these areas.

With special guest:

Dan Rupprecht, Director for Europe, iDiscovery Solutions

Related Links:

European Commission data protection (GDPR)
UK GDPR

Hosted by:

Aaron Yeater, Analysis Group, Inc. and Matthew Hall, McGuireWoods London LLP

In recent years competition agencies in several jurisdictions have undertaken studies to assess the state of competition within their borders. Canada now joins the list. In this episode, co-hosts Alicia Downey and Barry Nigro speak with economist Matthew Osborne about the Canadian Bureau of Competition’s 2023 report, “Competition in Canada from 2000 to 2020: An Economy at a Crossroads.” Listen to this episode to learn about how Matthew and his team analyzed competition across the Canadian economy during a critical decade.

With special guest:

Matthew Osborne, University of Toronto Mississauga

Related Links:

Competition in Canada from 2000 to 2020: An Economy at a Crossroads

More about Matthew Osborne

Hosted by:

Alicia Downey, Downey Law LLC and Barry Nigro, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP

The UK merger control system provides for voluntary filings but that does not mean parties to deals can hide from the regulator, the UK Competition and Markets Authority (CMA). But how does the CMA's Mergers Intelligence Committee (MIC) identify deals to ask about and review the informal briefing papers which can be submitted by parties hoping to avoid a full filing? Eleni Gouliou, a Director of Mergers at the CMA, who has chaired MIC, joins Anora Wang and Matthew Hall to discuss the work of MIC and its place within the CMA's merger review processes. Listen to this episode to learn more about this area of the CMA's merger control work, which is increasingly important now that the UK is outside the EU merger control regime.

With special guest:

Eleni Gouliou, Director of Mergers, UK Competition and Markets Authority

Related Links:

UK Competition and Markets Authority "Guidance on the CMA's mergers intelligence function" (December 2020)
UK Competition and Markets Authority merger inquiry outcome statistics

Hosted by:

Anora Wang, Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP and Matthew Hall, McGuireWoods London LLP

The interplay between patent law and competition law has been a consistent focus for the antitrust agencies over the years, most notably in the pharmaceutical sector between brand and generic drugs. But will the FTC take a new approach to dealing with branded drug company patents listed in the FDA's "Orange Book"? Mika Ikeda, Competition Counsel at Johnson & Johnson joins Jaclyn Phillips and Jeny Maier to discuss the FTC's historical interest in Orange Book listings and what actions the agency may take in the future. Listen to this episode to learn more about FTC policy related to competition in drug markets, and why the "Orange Book" is orange!

With special guest:

Mika Ikeda, Senior Counsel, Competition Law, Johnson & Johnson

Related Links:

Federal Trade Commission Statement Concerning Brand Drug Manufacturers’
Improper Listing of Patents in the Orange Book (Sept. 14, 2023)

Hosted by:

Jaclyn Phillips, White & Case LLP and Jeny Maier, Axinn, Veltrop & Harkrider LLP

The hype around cryptocurrency is at an all-time high, as the industry makes a major push to go mainstream. But is it all a giant pump-and-dump scheme? Software engineer and celebrated crypto critic Molly White and the SEC's Associate Director of Enforcement Carolyn Welshhans join Anant Raut and Aaron Yeater for a braintwister of a discussion on such topics as what is money; if blockchain is so secure how does so much crypto keep getting stolen; and is crypto a giant scam. Listen to this episode to learn more about whether ordinary investors will be left holding the bag when the crypto bros cash out.

With special guests:

Molly White, Software Engineer and Founder, Web3 is Going Just Great and Carolyn Welshhans, Associate Director of the Division of Enforcement, Securities and Exchange Commission

Related Links:

Web 3 is Going Just Great

Hosted by:

Anant Raut and Aaron Yeater, Analysis Group, Inc.

Self-preferencing by digital platforms has become ubiquitous in today's antitrust discourse. But has enough focus been put on economic analysis to understand the procompetitive benefits of self-preferencing conduct? Emilie Feyler and Dr. Veronica Postal, Senior Consultants at NERA Economic Consulting, speak with Jaclyn Phillips and Barry Nigro about their assessment of the economic literature on self-preferencing. Listen to this episode to learn more about what the empirical research has to say and if there are still gaps to fill.

With special guests:

Emilie Feyler, Senior Consultant, NERA Economic Consulting and Dr. Veronica Postal, Senior Consultant, NERA Economic Consulting

Related Links:

Can Self-Preferencing Algorithms Be Procompetitive?

Hosted by:

Jaclyn Phillips, White & Case LLP and Barry Nigro, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP

In the early 1980s, a group of Vietnamese fisherman on the gulf coast of Texas teamed up with the Southern Poverty Law Center to mount a heroic legal challenge to the Ku Klux Klan. How did antitrust law play a role in this important civil rights case? Charles Moore joins co-hosts Derek Jackson and Alicia Downey to talk about the Section's Diversity.Advanced Committee's upcoming reenactment of the court proceedings, the historical use of antitrust law in cases of violence or threats against competitors, and the potential for new cases in this area. Listen to this episode to learn about the antitrust issues that arose in a milestone case in American legal history.

With special guest:

Charles Moore, White & Case LLP

Related Links:

Preliminary injunction decision

Permanent injunction decision

Houston Public Media, I See U Podcast, Episode 9: Vietnamese Fishermen v. the KKK

Andrew Chin, University of North Carolina, The KKK and the Vietnamese Fishermen

Hosted by:

Alicia Downey, Downey Law LLC and Derek Jackson, Cohen & Gresser LLP

The online gaming industry has been the subject of legal challenges in the antitrust and consumer protection arenas. So Player One, are you ready to hear about the legal issues to consider in this rapidly advancing sector? Josh Grant, video gaming expert with more than two decades of experience in the industry, joins Alicia Downey and Anant Raut to discuss the evolution of video gaming and how that has contributed to current antitrust and consumer protection issues. Listen to this episode to learn more about the intersection of online gaming, antitrust, and consumer protection.

With special guest:

Josh Grant

Related Links:

An Expert’s Look at the Current Gaming Landscape and Potential Disputes in 2023

What’s Next for Microsoft and Activision’s Antitrust Battle After EU and UK Decisions

Hosted by:

Alicia Downey, Downey Law LLC and Anant Raut

The European Commission's recent decision to block Booking’s proposed acquisition of eTraveli is unprecedented and even controversial to some. How should we understand the EC's concerns? Eliana Garces, Senior Advisor with Analysis Group, joins Matthew Hall and Jaclyn Phillips to discuss the EC's theories of harm. Listen to this episode for an economist's take on the EC's analysis and how we should think about it more generally.

With special guest:

Eliana Garces, Senior Advisor, Analysis Group

Hosted by:

Matthew Hall, McGuireWoods London LLP and Jaclyn Phillips, White & Case LLP

Gender differences are often overlooked when conducting competition law analysis. How should gender impact the work of competition regulators? Lynn Robertson, Competition Expert at the OECD's Competition Policy Division and co-author of the OECD's Gender Inclusive Competition Toolkit, joins Alicia Downey and Matthew Hall to discuss the Toolkit project. Listen to this episode to learn more about the background to the project, the key insights and findings set out in the Toolkit and the OECD's future work in this area.

With special guest:

Lynn Robertson, Competition Expert, Competition Policy Division, Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs, OECD

Related Links:

OECD Gender Inclusive Competition Toolkit

Hosted by:

Alicia Downey, Principal, Downey Law LLC and Matthew Hall, Partner, McGuireWoods London LLP

Our Curious Amalgam is celebrating its 250th episode by hosting a family reunion! In this episode, former and current regular hosts Alicia Downey, Anora Wang, Matthew Hall, Christina Ma, Anant Raut, and Sergei Zaslavsky highlight the some of the Top 5 most listened-to episodes, year by year, since OCA first launched in 2019. In addition to looking back at the most popular episodes, we talk about undiscovered gems in the archives and the most important legal trends and developments that have occurred since Episode #1. Listen to this episode for a special look back at the greatest hits of Our Curious Amalgam and discover how they are still relevant today.

With special guests:

Matthew Hall, McGuireWoods LLP, Christina Ma, Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz, Anant Raut, Trust & Trade and Sergei Zaslavsky, O'Melveny & Myers LLP

Related Links:

Trust and Trade

Hosted by:

Alicia Downey, Downey Law LLC and Anora Wang, Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP

Are you curious about issues related to competition and geopolitical concerns in the global semiconductor sector? In this episode, Barry Nigro and Alicia Downey talk to Arnold & Porter partner David Emanuelson, formerly in-house M&A counsel for Intel Corporation, about how the Chinese government's State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) approaches merger clearance. Listen to this episode to learn about the geopolitical pressures on the semiconductor industry and what antitrust counsel can do to improve the chances of getting a deal cleared in China.

With special guest:

David Emanuelson, Arnold & Porter

Related Links:

David Emanuelson & Danielle Drory, "The Potential Chilling Effects of Lowering Standards for Tech M&A Enforcement," 34 Antitrust 14 (2020)

Hosted by:

Barry Nigro, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP and Alicia Downey, Downey Law LLC

For decades, Section 8 of the Clayton Act--which prohibits two competing corporations from sharing a common director--was rarely enforced by the U.S. antitrust agencies, and corporations were for the most part left to regulate themselves. In this episode, Alicia Downey and Sergei Zaslavsky talk to antitrust practitioner Diane Hazel about how the U.S. Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission have recently been focusing a lot more attention on identifying Section 8 violations based on an expansive view of the scope of the statute. Listen to this episode to learn about recent enforcement trends and what companies can do to avoid potentially unlawful interlocking directorates.

With special guest:

Diane Hazel, Foley & Lardner LLP

Related Links:

Benjamin R. Dryden, Diane Hazel & Richard L. Flannery, An Analysis of the “Deputization” Theory of Section 8 of the Clayton Act, Antitrust Source (August 31, 2023)

Diane Hazel, Richard L. Flannery & Benjamin R. Dryden, How To Assess Interlocking Directorates In Antitrust Ramp-Up, Law 360 (October 25, 2022)

ABA Antitrust Law Section, Interlocking Directorates Handbook (2011)

Hosted by:

Alicia Downey, Downey Law LLC and Sergei Zaslavsky, O'Melveny & Myers LLP

Some have expressed concerns over a lack of competition in the U.S. rail freight and passenger services markets. How the U.S. freight rail system works and is competition an issue in the sector? Dr. Russell Pittman, the Director of Economic Research in the Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, examines the state of competition in the freight rail sector with Barry Nigro and Anora Wang. We'll take a deep dive into the participants of the market, the competition concerns, the recent challenges, and high-level observations. Join us to learn more!

With special guest:

Dr. Russell Pittman, Director of Economic Research, Antitrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice

Related Links:

Press Release, STB Issues Proposed Rule Regarding Reciprocal Switching for Inadequate Service (Sept. 7, 2023)

Press Release, Surface Transportation Board Adopts New Rules for Smaller Rate Disputes (Dec. 19, 2022)

Press Release, STB Approves CP/KCS Merger with Conditions and Extended Oversight Period (Mar. 15, 2023)

Hosted by:

Barry Nigro, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP and Anora Wang, Arnold & Porter Kaye Scholer LLP

In September 2023, the Federal Trade Commission and 17 states filed a massive, landmark antitrust lawsuit against Amazon, alleging that Amazon engaged in anti-competitive and unfair practices to expand and maintain an illegal monopoly in two online markets, the market for marketplace services, where sellers buy services from Amazon, and the consumer-facing market for online superstores. The complaint focuses on two main theories: anti-discounting and tying Prime eligibility to Amazon's fulfillment services. Adam Kovacevich, Founder and CEO of Chamber of Progress, speaks about the potential consequences of this suit for antitrust enforcement, consumers, and other companies. Tune in to find out more about the complaint, its potential consequences for antitrust enforcement, consumers, and other firms competing in the online marketplace.

With special guest:

Adam Kovacevich, Founder and CEO, Chamber of Progress

Related Links:

FTC Sues Amazon for Illegally Maintaining Monopoly Power

Complaint

Amazon: The FTC’s lawsuit against Amazon would lead to higher prices and slower deliveries for consumers—and hurt businesses

Hosted by:

Jana Seidl, Baker Botts LLP and Barry Nigro, Fried, Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP

On this episode of Our Curious Amalgam podcast - a special collaboration with the Antitrust Law Section's Women.Connected Committee - we explore the prevalence of sexual harassment in the legal profession, why it persists, and the damage it causes. With expert insight from Jane Pigott, we learn why sexual harassment isn't just a women's issue, discuss the consequences for the organizations and individuals involved, and highlight available resources and tool kits as well as what else we can do as a community to implement changes going forward. Tune in to learn more and to be part of the effort to end this pressing issue.

With special guest:

Jane Pigott, R3 Group LLC

Related Links:

Women Lawyers on Guard, Still Broken: Sexual Harassment and Misconduct in the Legal Profession

IBA, Bullying and Sexual Harassment in the Legal Profession

National Women’s Law Center, #metoowhatnext: Strengthening Workplace Sexual Harassment Protections and Accountability

Harvard Business Review, Why Sexual Harassment Programs Backfire And What to Do About it

ABA Commission on Women in the Profession, Zero Tolerance Program Toolkit

Forbes, ‘What Was He Thinking?’ Inside The Mind Of A Sexual Harasser

Hosted by:

Jana Seidl, Baker Botts LLP and Kellie Kemp, Co-Chair of Women.Connected