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    #302 – Richard Haier: IQ Tests, Human Intelligence, and Group Differences

    enJuly 14, 2022

    Podcast Summary

    • Unlocking the Universal Measure of Human IntelligenceThe G Factor is a universal measure of a person's intelligence, and can be extracted by factor analysis.

      Human intelligence is a complex concept, but scientists have developed ways to measure it.One such measure is the G factor, or general intelligence, which looks at a person's mental abilities across various tests and measures a common factor that is found in all tests of mental abilities.The G factor was first explored by Charles Spearman more than 100 years ago, and has since been confirmed as the most replicated finding in all of psychology.Factor analysis is a technique used to extract the commonality among different tests, and it is used to demonstrate the existence of the G factor.This factor is found in all cultures and is not a statistical artifact, making it a universal measure of a person's intelligence.

    • Unlocking the Mystery of the G FactorGenetics play a major role in determining our general intelligence and it is a stable factor that remains consistent regardless of the tests used.

      General intelligence or G factor is a measure of intelligence which is highly influenced by genetics and thus hard to change.It is the most stable factor and accounts for around half the variance in a diverse battery of mental tests.It is the single biggest factor in a set of tests and IQ is a good estimate of G factor as it is a combination of different mental abilities.G factor is stable, no matter which battery of tests you use, and it is fascinating to think that there is something so stable in the human mind.

    • Unlocking Our Highest Potential Through the G FactorIntelligence is a universal constant shared by every human; with practice and hard work, we can strive to unlock our highest potential.

      The G factor is a concept that explores the idea that intelligence is a single, general ability that we all possess.IQ scores measure the G factor, and allow us to rank people relative to each other.Although IQ scores are relative, they are highly stable and predictive of longevity.This suggests that intelligence is a universal constant shared by every human, and can be found in everything we do.Through practice and hard work, we can all strive to unlock our highest potential.

    • Unlocking Intelligence Through Dustbowl EmpiricismThe IQ test measures intelligence by using items to measure a range of abilities, such as arithmetic, memory and problem solving, and the content of the items does not matter as much as the empirical relationship between the items and the total score.

      The IQ test is designed to measure intelligence in a variety of ways.It uses items that measure a range of abilities, such as arithmetic, memory and problem solving.One of the subtests is the general information test.This test includes items that are not necessarily facts that one has to memorize, but instead measure one's general knowledge of the world.For example, one may be asked how far it is between two cities.The point of this test is to measure the ability to abstractly think and apply knowledge.The items are selected using a technique called Dustbowl Empiricism, which means that the content of the items does not matter as much as the empirical relationship between the items and the total score.

    • The Speed of Processing: A Key to Unlocking IntelligenceReaction time is highly correlated with intelligence, and IQ tests measure this by imposing a time limit on the task.

      IQ tests measure a person's intelligence through a variety of ways.A part of this is the speed of processing, which is measured by a person's reaction time.For example, the Heck paradigm requires a person to press a button next to the light that furthest from two other lights that have gone on simultaneously.The reaction time to this is highly correlated with the G factor, which is a measure of intelligence.Furthermore, IQ tests also have a time limit - if no time limit is applied, people can do better.Therefore, the speed of processing is an important aspect of intelligence.

    • Considering Other Factors in Standardized TestingStandardized tests should not be the only criterion for college admission, as there are other factors that can impact an individual's score.

      Standardized tests are designed to measure a person's intelligence and aptitude.However, there are other factors that can affect an individual's test score, such as anxiety and illness.An individual's score is not always an accurate representation of their G factor and it is important to consider other criteria when making decisions about college admission.There are standardized tests that are highly correlated with success in college and these tests can be useful for college admission.

    • Navigating Life: Exploring Personality, G Factor and Intelligence ResearchOur ability to navigate through life is determined by more than just a number, such as IQ or SAT scores, but also by personality, G factor, and intelligence research.

      It is not just a number, be it an IQ score or an SAT score, that determines our ability to navigate through life.Factors like personality and G factor play an important role in our learning, understanding and navigating the world.Intelligence research is conducted to study these factors and the impact they have on our lives.Judge Judy's show is a great example of this, where we can witness a range of problem solving abilities.Even the US military recognises the importance of these factors and hence have set a minimum IQ score of 83 to be eligible to be trained in their organisation.

    • Intelligence is Not the Same as MoralityIntelligence does not equate to being a good person and one needs to have a G-factor for goodness to be a good person.

      Intelligence is often measured by tests and this can be an uncomfortable concept for people.However, it is important to recognize that intelligence does not equate to being a good person.In fact, some of the worst atrocities in history have been committed by intelligent people.Therefore, it is important to remember that intelligence is not the same as being good and it is not always beneficial to be more intelligent.To be a good person, one needs to have a G-factor for goodness, which is much harder to measure.Ultimately, intelligence is not the same as morality, and it is important to remember that.

    • Exploring the Complex Relationship Between Intelligence and HappinessIncreased intelligence does not necessarily lead to increased happiness, and more research into this area is needed to understand the complex relationship between the two.

      The question of whether increased intelligence leads to happiness is an interesting one.Intelligence, or the G factor, is thought to be normally distributed.Could we increase this G factor? This could have world-shaking implications, and bring about real social change.However, research has shown that things like listening to Mozart or memory training do not have a substantial impact on intelligence, and this is backed up by multiple meta-analyses.We must remember that increased intelligence does not necessarily lead to happiness, and so more research into this area is needed.We must find a way of increasing the G factor in a way that is beneficial, and not detrimental, to our overall life satisfaction.

    • Exploring the Complexity and Controversy of IntelligenceIntelligence is a complex and controversial topic that should be approached with respect and understanding.

      The story of Charlie, a person with low IQ, who underwent a brain surgery to become a genius, is a fascinating one and teaches us the importance of intelligence in our everyday life.The Bell Curve, written in 1994 by Richard Herrnstein and Charles Murray, is a book that delves into this topic and raised much controversy due to its discussion of the average difference in mean scores between black Americans and white Americans.Though the book asserted that all individuals should be treated as such, regardless of the average differences, people took away the idea that blacks were genetically inferior.Even prior to The Bell Curve, Arthur Jensen, an educational psychologist at UC Berkeley, wrote an article in 1969 discussing the flaws in the research design of early childhood education programs meant to reduce the gap in IQ scores.Through these stories, we learn that intelligence is a complex and controversial topic and that we should approach it with respect and understanding.

    • Exploring Biological Differences to Find SolutionsRather than using research on intelligence and genetics to fuel racism, it should be used to find solutions to complex issues.

      The research into intelligence and its possible connection to genetics has been a controversial topic, especially when it comes to potential differences between groups.While the data was scarce in 1969, the risk of using it to fuel racism was real.Despite this, brave people stepped up to look into the issue and, while they were met with intense criticism, they studied the issue nonetheless.It is important to recognize that this research can not be used to increase racism or hate - any differences are biological and can potentially be addressed.Instead of using this research to stoke prejudice, we should use it to find solutions to complex issues.

    • Embracing the Scientific Ideal: Taking Responsibility for Research and Anticipating MisusesScientists must remain committed to the scientific ideal of empirical testing while being mindful of the potential implications of their research and language used when presenting their findings.

      Educational learnings from this section are that it is important for scientists to consider the potential implications of their research and how it may be interpreted.They must take responsibility for their research, anticipate the potential misuses, and be mindful of the language they use when presenting their findings.Scientists must also always remain committed to the scientific ideal of empirical testing and be open to changing their hypothesis if the data does not support it.Even if controversial, the scientific method should be used to study race differences.

    • Exploring the Responsibilities of Scientists When Presenting DataScientists must be mindful when interpreting and presenting data, as their words can have a powerful impact on how it is interpreted.

      Scientists have a responsibility to be aware of the implications of their data and to carefully choose their words to best explain the results.It is important to be mindful of the audience, as a scientific paper should not be written for a Twitter audience.The data can be presented, but it is the role of the scientist to explain what it means and what it doesn't mean.To ensure these nuances are not lost, scientists should also be available to discuss their work and to explain what is and isn't being said in their work.This is especially true when the work touches on sensitive topics, such as group differences.A scientist's role is not only to interpret the data, but to also engage in dialogue to ensure the data is interpreted correctly.

    • Uncovering the Truth About Educational InequalityUncovering the truth about educational inequality requires an understanding of the normal distribution of IQ, which can be difficult to assess and has a limiting effect.

      Educational learnings from this section can be summed up in the following way: Knowing the truth about a person's academic achievement can be difficult and can have a limiting effect.However, this data is necessary in order to identify and solve the problem of educational inequality.To understand the issue better, it is important to look at the normal distribution of IQ.16% of the population has an IQ under 85, which can make it hard to find gainful employment.Stephen Jay Gould's criticism of the bell curve was both political and scientific, and was ultimately found to be wrong.

    • Unraveling the Complexities of Learning & MemoryA deeper understanding of individual differences will help us to further understand the concept of intelligence.

      Understanding individual differences is key to understanding why some people can remember more than others.Richard Haier's books on human diversity, sex differences and facing reality discuss this concept in detail, using cogent data and analysis.The scientific discourse on this topic is complex and politically sensitive, but it is essential to fund more research to understand the molecular biology of learning and memory.This research will help us to further understand the concept of intelligence and the individual differences between people.

    • Achieving Success: Exploring the Role of IntelligenceIQ only matters up to a certain point; success is ultimately an individual's definition and can be determined in many different ways.

      In today's world, data and science have become increasingly important to measure individual differences.Intelligence is an important factor in determining one's career success, but it is not the only factor.IQ tests, molecular biology, and neurobiology have all been used to measure intelligence.There is a strong correlation between intelligence and life success, such as life expectancy and income.Other factors, such as personality and emotional intelligence, also have an impact on success.It is important to remember, however, that there is a ceiling effect, and IQ only matters up to a certain point.Ultimately, success is an individual's definition and can be determined in many different ways.

    • Unlocking the Mystery of the Flynn EffectAccepting the core of our personality is essential as it is largely stable over time, yet we have the capacity to improve ourselves and become smarter through advances in nutrition and health care.

      Personality is an important part of our character that is largely stable over time, and no matter how hard we try to change it, the core parts of our personality remain the same.This is an important lesson to learn, as it can be difficult to accept.Despite this, our basic humanity and value remain the same, and these qualities are largely within our control.The Flynn Effect is a phenomenon that suggests that people are getting smarter over time, likely due to advances in nutrition and health care.This is still a mystery, but research is beginning to give us more insight into the effect.

    • Unlocking the Complex Interactions Between Genetics and Environment to Understand IntelligenceGenetics and environment both play a role in developing intelligence, and understanding their interactions is key to unlocking a better understanding of what shapes intelligence.

      The genetic makeup of individuals determines their intelligence level to a large extent.However, environment also plays a role in developing intelligence, as evidenced by various studies.It is not just genetics that influences intelligence, but also in utero environment, nutrition, access to education and other factors.The interactions between them are complex and difficult to dissect, but by understanding them, we can have a better understanding of what shapes intelligence.

    • Acknowledging the Role of Genes in Determining Intellectual DevelopmentGenes play a much more important role in intelligence than environmental factors, and it is important to acknowledge their role in determining a person's intellect.

      Genes play an important role in the intellectual development of a person and this cannot be denied.Parenting has an effect on it too, as every parent wants their child to be as smart as possible.But, even if the environment is taken into account, the data suggests that genetic influence is still much more important than environmental factors.After decades of research and trying various interventions and nothing has worked, it is clear that genes play an important part in intelligence.Parents' IQ also has a correlation with the IQ of their children.Therefore, it is important to acknowledge that genes have a big role in determining a person's intellect.

    • Unravelling the Complexities of IntelligenceIntelligence is a multi-faceted concept influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

      Intelligence is a complex and fascinating concept, with both genetic and environmental components.The environment parents provide, such as wealthier families having access to better schools, can have an impact on the child's IQ.The number of books in a household is often correlated with IQ, but this does not directly lead to higher intelligence.It is thought that the genetic components of intelligence are more important in predicting outcomes than environment.When it comes to fertility and intelligence, the data is inconclusive - some studies suggest the more children a family has, the higher the IQ of the first born, but this is not a definitive answer.It is clear that intelligence is a complex concept, with many interacting factors.

    • Uncovering the Effects of Anesthetic Drugs on Brain Function and ConsciousnessAnesthetic drugs have varying effects on the brain, which could potentially shed light on the relationship between consciousness and intelligence.

      A research was conducted to study the effects of anesthetic drugs on the brain.It involved taking brain imaging scans of volunteers, who were given anesthetic drugs to lose consciousness and then regain it.It was observed that different drugs affected different parts of the brain.This research then led to the question of whether some people are more conscious than others, and if that has anything to do with intelligence.A chart review was conducted to observe the effects of the drugs on people with different educational backgrounds, and it indicated that there was no dosing difference.This research has opened up the field for further studies on consciousness and intelligence.

    • Intelligence: The Efficiency of Information ProcessingIntelligence is not just about having more activity in the brain, but about how efficiently information is processed.

      Intelligence can be tested in many ways, from IQ tests to conversation tests.Intelligence is not just about having more activity in the brain, but about how efficiently information is processed.This has been studied for many years and is still being studied today.Machines can be tested in a similar way, using a Turing test, or something as simple as recognizing a pattern.Despite the advances in AI, machines still have difficulty with simple tasks that are easy for humans.This shows the importance of intelligence and being able to effectively process information.

    • Uncovering the Beauty of the Human ConditionIntelligence should not be the only measure of success - look to create and find beauty in the world.

      Humans are capable of incredible cognitive abilities that allow us to innovate, create and form unique concepts.We can take objects and group them together, count them, form spatial awareness and even understand concepts that we have never seen before.Intelligence is only one part of the human condition and shouldn't be the only measure of success.We should look to create and find beauty in the world regardless of our IQ or intelligence level.

    • Balancing Scientific Pursuits with Human SensitivitiesWe are in control of our own paths and must strive to balance our scientific pursuits with an understanding of the sensitivities and complexities of the human condition to make the most of our time.

      Life is filled with challenges and opportunities to learn and grow.IQ tests may help us to understand our own capabilities and set goals, but ultimately we are in control of our own paths.Following our passions and trusting the data can lead to amazing discoveries and beautiful creations.We must strive to balance our scientific pursuits with an understanding of the sensitivities and complexities of the human condition.It is natural to fear the finiteness of life, but focusing on the here and now and living with purpose can help us make the most of our time.

    • Embrace Curiosity and Open-Mindedness for Respectful InteractionsTreat people as individuals and don't judge them on their intelligence or a single interaction.

      We all have different levels of intelligence and capabilities, and it's important to remember that no matter what, everyone deserves respect and compassion.Our judgement of people's character is often not as accurate as a set of tests, and so it's important to not make assumptions about someone's intelligence.We should strive to treat people as individuals and not judge them based on one or even a few interactions.Albert Einstein famously said, "It is not that I'm so smart, but I stayed with a questions much longer." We should all remember this and strive to approach life with curiosity and open-mindedness.

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    Kevin Spacey is a two-time Oscar-winning actor, who starred in Se7en, the Usual Suspects, American Beauty, and House of Cards, creating haunting performances of characters who often embody the dark side of human nature. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod to get 3 months free - Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/lex to get $350 off - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off - Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial - AG1: https://drinkag1.com/lex to get 1 month supply of fish oil EPISODE LINKS: Kevin's X: https://x.com/KevinSpacey Kevin's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/kevinspacey Kevin's YouTube: https://youtube.com/kevinspacey Kevin's Website: https://kevinspacey.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (10:14) - Seven (13:54) - David Fincher (21:46) - Brad Pitt and Morgan Freeman (27:15) - Acting (35:40) - Improve (44:24) - Al Pacino (48:07) - Jack Lemmon (57:25) - American Beauty (1:17:34) - Mortality (1:20:22) - Allegations (1:38:19) - House of Cards (1:56:55) - Jack Nicholson (1:59:57) - Mike Nichols (2:05:30) - Christopher Walken (2:12:38) - Father (2:21:30) - Future
    Lex Fridman Podcast
    enJune 05, 2024

    #431 – Roman Yampolskiy: Dangers of Superintelligent AI

    #431 – Roman Yampolskiy: Dangers of Superintelligent AI
    Roman Yampolskiy is an AI safety researcher and author of a new book titled AI: Unexplainable, Unpredictable, Uncontrollable. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Yahoo Finance: https://yahoofinance.com - MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lexpod to get 15% off - NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour - LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack - Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/lex to get $350 off EPISODE LINKS: Roman's X: https://twitter.com/romanyam Roman's Website: http://cecs.louisville.edu/ry Roman's AI book: https://amzn.to/4aFZuPb PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (09:12) - Existential risk of AGI (15:25) - Ikigai risk (23:37) - Suffering risk (27:12) - Timeline to AGI (31:44) - AGI turing test (37:06) - Yann LeCun and open source AI (49:58) - AI control (52:26) - Social engineering (54:59) - Fearmongering (1:04:49) - AI deception (1:11:23) - Verification (1:18:22) - Self-improving AI (1:30:34) - Pausing AI development (1:36:51) - AI Safety (1:46:35) - Current AI (1:51:58) - Simulation (1:59:16) - Aliens (2:00:50) - Human mind (2:07:10) - Neuralink (2:16:15) - Hope for the future (2:20:11) - Meaning of life
    Lex Fridman Podcast
    enJune 02, 2024

    #430 – Charan Ranganath: Human Memory, Imagination, Deja Vu, and False Memories

    #430 – Charan Ranganath: Human Memory, Imagination, Deja Vu, and False Memories
    Charan Ranganath is a psychologist and neuroscientist at UC Davis, specializing in human memory. He is the author of a new book titled Why We Remember. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Riverside: https://creators.riverside.fm/LEX and use code LEX to get 30% off - ZipRecruiter: https://ziprecruiter.com/lex - Notion: https://notion.com/lex - MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lexpod to get 15% off - Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial - LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/charan-ranganath-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Charan's X: https://x.com/CharanRanganath Charan's Instagram: https://instagram.com/thememorydoc Charan's Website: https://charanranganath.com Why We Remember (book): https://amzn.to/3WzUF6x Charan's Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ptWkt1wAAAAJ Dynamic Memory Lab: https://dml.ucdavis.edu/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (10:18) - Experiencing self vs remembering self (23:59) - Creating memories (33:31) - Why we forget (41:08) - Training memory (51:37) - Memory hacks (1:03:26) - Imagination vs memory (1:12:44) - Memory competitions (1:22:33) - Science of memory (1:37:48) - Discoveries (1:48:52) - Deja vu (1:54:09) - False memories (2:14:14) - False confessions (2:18:00) - Heartbreak (2:25:34) - Nature of time (2:33:15) - Brain–computer interface (BCI) (2:47:19) - AI and memory (2:57:33) - ADHD (3:04:30) - Music (3:14:15) - Human mind
    Lex Fridman Podcast
    enMay 25, 2024

    #429 – Paul Rosolie: Jungle, Apex Predators, Aliens, Uncontacted Tribes, and God

    #429 – Paul Rosolie: Jungle, Apex Predators, Aliens, Uncontacted Tribes, and God
    Paul Rosolie is a naturalist, explorer, author, and founder of Junglekeepers, dedicating his life to protecting the Amazon rainforest. Support his efforts at https://junglekeepers.org Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - ShipStation: https://shipstation.com/lex and use code LEX to get 60-day free trial - Yahoo Finance: https://yahoofinance.com - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off - NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour - Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/lex to get $350 off - Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/paul-rosolie-2-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Paul's Instagram: https://instagram.com/paulrosolie Junglekeepers: https://junglekeepers.org Paul's Website: https://paulrosolie.com Mother of God (book): https://amzn.to/3ww2ob1 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (12:29) - Amazon jungle (14:47) - Bushmaster snakes (26:13) - Black caiman (44:33) - Rhinos (47:47) - Anacondas (1:18:04) - Mammals (1:30:10) - Piranhas (1:41:00) - Aliens (1:58:45) - Elephants (2:10:02) - Origin of life (2:23:21) - Explorers (2:36:38) - Ayahuasca (2:45:03) - Deep jungle expedition (2:59:09) - Jane Goodall (3:01:41) - Theodore Roosevelt (3:12:36) - Alone show (3:22:23) - Protecting the rainforest (3:38:36) - Snake makes appearance (3:46:47) - Uncontacted tribes (4:00:11) - Mortality (4:01:39) - Steve Irwin (4:09:18) - God
    Lex Fridman Podcast
    enMay 15, 2024

    #428 – Sean Carroll: General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, Black Holes & Aliens

    #428 – Sean Carroll: General Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, Black Holes & Aliens
    Sean Carroll is a theoretical physicist, author, and host of Mindscape podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - HiddenLayer: https://hiddenlayer.com/lex - Cloaked: https://cloaked.com/lex and use code LexPod to get 25% off - Notion: https://notion.com/lex - Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial - NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/sean-carroll-3-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Sean's Website: https://preposterousuniverse.com Mindscape Podcast: https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/podcast/ Sean's YouTube: https://youtube.com/@seancarroll Sean's Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/seanmcarroll Sean's Twitter: https://twitter.com/seanmcarroll Sean's Instagram: https://instagram.com/seanmcarroll Sean's Papers: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=Lfifrv8AAAAJ Sean's Books: https://amzn.to/3W7yT9N PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (11:03) - General relativity (23:22) - Black holes (28:11) - Hawking radiation (32:19) - Aliens (41:15) - Holographic principle (1:05:38) - Dark energy (1:11:38) - Dark matter (1:20:34) - Quantum mechanics (1:41:56) - Simulation (1:44:18) - AGI (1:58:42) - Complexity (2:11:25) - Consciousness (2:20:32) - Naturalism (2:24:49) - Limits of science (2:29:34) - Mindscape podcast (2:39:29) - Einstein

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    #344 – Noam Brown: AI vs Humans in Poker and Games of Strategic Negotiation

    #344 – Noam Brown: AI vs Humans in Poker and Games of Strategic Negotiation
    Noam Brown is a research scientist at FAIR, Meta AI, co-creator of AI that achieved superhuman level performance in games of No-Limit Texas Hold'em and Diplomacy. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - True Classic Tees: https://trueclassictees.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off - Audible: https://audible.com/lex to get 30-day free trial - InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod to get 3 months free EPISODE LINKS: Noam's Twitter: https://twitter.com/polynoamial Noam's LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/noam-brown-8b785b62/ webDiplomacy: https://webdiplomacy.net/ Noam's papers: Superhuman AI for multiplayer poker: https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10119653 Superhuman AI for heads-up no-limit poker: https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10077416 Human-level play in the game of Diplomacy: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade9097 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (05:37) - No Limit Texas Hold 'em (09:30) - Solving poker (22:40) - Poker vs Chess (29:18) - AI playing poker (1:02:46) - Heads-up vs Multi-way poker (1:13:37) - Greatest poker player of all time (1:17:10) - Diplomacy game (1:27:01) - AI negotiating with humans (2:09:26) - AI in geopolitics (2:14:11) - Human-like AI for games (2:20:12) - Ethics of AI (2:24:26) - AGI (2:28:25) - Advice to beginners