Poor Historians: Misadventures in the History of Medicine

Behavioral health is certainly within the bounds of medicine and, thereby, medical history. The Stanford Prison Experiment asked the question of whether the environment of prison compelled bad behavior from those within the system. In order to study this, this 1970's university psychology experiment went to extreme lengths to turn its research subjects (students) into faux prisoners and prison guards in the basement of the department's building. 

It might not surprise you to find out that it did not go well. 

Ethics in research are indeed important, as you'll appreciate after listening to this one.

References:

1. Wikipedia Page on the Stanford Prison Experiment: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_prison_experiment
2. PDF of original publication of the Stanford Prison Experiment: http://pdf.prisonexp.org/ijcp1973.pdf
3. Psychology Today interview with Philip Zimbardo: https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/articles/200009/emperor-the-edge
4. Wikipedia Page on Philip Zimbardo: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Zimbardo
5. Incarceration Rates Reference: https://www.prisonpolicy.org/global/2021.html?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiAiP2tBhBXEiwACslfnvW5miAa1VS0WqISsYuBYwIY52hMWPMlcVUG3Kbs_xNgzE4pG2DAuxoC6gMQAvD_BwE
6. For further reading: The Milgram Experiment Wikipedia page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milgram_experiment
7. “The Stanford Prison Experiment” website: https://www.prisonexp.org/
8. New Yorker Magazine Column, ‘The Real Lessons of The Stanford Prison Experiment’: https://www.newyorker.com/science/maria-konnikova/the-real-lesson-of-the-stanford-prison-experiment
9. One of many bootlegs on YouTube of a BBC documentary on the experiment containing actual video footage: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4txhN13y6A
10. Hawthorne Effect, wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawthorne_effect
11. PDF of October 1971 Congressional Testimony by Zimbardo: http://pdf.prisonexp.org/congress.pdf
12. Preprint of Haslam’s Article, “Identity Leadership in the Stanford Prison Experiment”, in press in American Psychologist: https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/b7crx to avoid paywall, noted on PubMed here: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31380665/

#medicalhistory #medicine #history #podcast

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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

If you're like me (Dr. Max) and the words "Dropkick Murphy" conjure images of the legendary Boston-based punk rock band, you might be surprised to know the history behind that name.

In this interview, Dr. Max sat down to interview Emily Sweeney, a staff reporter for the Boston Globe and author of a book on Dr. John "Dropkick" Murphy, who was not only a pioneering physician of earlier 20th century alcohol treatment, but was also a professional wrestler of his day.   

This is an amazing book about a man who lived an amazing life.  It's got medical history, professional wrestling and boxing history, punk rock, and many stops in between.  We think you'll enjoy.

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**Do yourself a favor and use this link to get this excellent book: https://amzn.to/3T0Kgyp

Emily's newest project: The Cold Case Files (a regular series in the Boston Globe about unsolved murders).

Subscribe to her Cold Case Files Newsletter to stay up to date.

To follow and check out Emily Sweeney's other works:
Twitter/X: @emilysweeney
Instagram: @emilysweeney22
Threads: @emilysweeney22
Website and Other Books: https://linktr.ee/emilysweeney22
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#medicalhistory #punkrock #prowrestling #dropkickmurphys

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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

He conquered many lands, sailed many seas, and was finally awarded his own Netflix miniseries, but at the age of 32, the ruler of Macedonia known throughout the ages as Alexander the Great, died in the palace of a Babylonian king shortly after a night of partying. There have been numerous potential explanations as to what happened.  In this episode we'll review the case and the leading thoughts as to what brought down this renowned military leader.

Announcement:
Dr. Max is on Twitch! A lifelong gamer and proud nerd, he'll be streaming on Twitch twice per week (Tuesdays and Thursdays) at 8:00pm CST, hoping to eventually raise money for charity.  Stop on by to hang out and chat about medicine or just about any other topic with him. 

Check him out and give a follow there if that's your thing - DrMaxwell_MKE @: https://www.twitch.tv/drmaxwell_mke


Sources:
(Primary Source) Case Presentation: https://archive.hshsl.umaryland.edu/bitstream/handle/10713/6826/AlexanderTheGreat_1996.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

Overview: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9078372/

Alex the Great: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great

GBS: https://www.history.com/news/alexander-the-great-death-cause-discovery

GBS2: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/01/190122115006.htm

Early pronouncement of death: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/was-alexander-great-pronounced-dead-prematurely-180971419/

Pancreatitis:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6826792/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537191/

#alexanderthegreat
#medicinepodcast 
#medicalhistory 
#history 
#podcast 
#historypodcast 

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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

This is a fascinating dive into the world of genetics, set against a backdrop of a curious dermatology finding, and ending with one of the most interesting and convoluted paternity cases you may ever hear about.  The Maury show has nothing on this one, trust us.

Mike suggested this episode be titled "This is Chimerica!" or "Have you Heard About the Lady Whose DNA was a Chimera? No, Sounds Greek to Me!"

I used my editorial powers to override him.

Sources:
-Cicada Films. “The Twin Inside Me.” Youtube, uploaded by Real Stories, 46:28. Posted December 18, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dFf5gKiTGlo&vl=en.
-George, Renjith, Preethy Mary Donald, Sumanth Kumbargere Nagraj, Jose Joy Idiculla, and Rashid Hj Ismail. "The Impact Of Chimerism In DNA-Based Forensic Sex Determination Analysis." The Malaysian Journal Of Medical Sciences 20 (2013): 76.
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydia_Fairchild
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimera_(mythology)

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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

This episode of the Curious Case Vault has an admittedly grim premise--a patient who suffered two gunshot wounds to the head.  In this discussion, Alba leads us through a case of a young Brooklyn, NY man who, in the spring of 1888, sustained what could have been a devastating injury in any time in history. 

In his case, we'll see how the neurosurgeon of the time treated this patient leading to an amazing if not inspiring outcome.  We'll talk about the evolution of this type of neurosurgical trauma care and form an appreciation for the resilience of the human brain to trauma of this sort.

Case Link:
This case comes to us from the archives of the Brooklyn Medical Journal and Retrospect of the Medical Sciences. Vol 1_1888 (Jan-Jun): 476-477.

Sources:
Modern Neurosurgical Overview for Gunshot Wounds to the Head from the AANS.

Historic Overview of Neurosurgical Treatments for this injury at the turn of the 19th century available via this article by Agarwalla, et al.

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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

Rabies is a fascinating and frightening infectious disease.  It has a long history in the natural world and stories involving a case of it rarely end on a happy note.  

It just so happens there is at least one such story.  In this episode we'll talk about one of the only documented cases of survival from this viral infection.  We'll discuss the disease itself, how it works, how it's prevented, and how, at least once, it was successfully treated right here in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Sources:

1. Rabid: A Cultural History of the World’s Most Diabolical Virus, Bill Wasik and Monica Murphy
2. Willoughby Article: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa050382
3. Milwaukee Protocol Rebuttal: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26639059/
4.  Wikipedia Rabies Page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies

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Fan shop shout-out!

Check out Jai's online shop mentioned here: https://www.fabfroufrou.com/
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#Milwaukee #rabies #infectiousdisease #medicalhistory #medicine #history #podcast

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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

The 1920's was a time in the U.S. when anybody with a clever sales pitch and a willingness to pull a patent could devise a concoction and call it a "medication."  Unfortunately, the heyday of the "patent medicine" era coincided with the discovery of radium before the downstream consequences of radioactivity were known.  The wealthy industrialist, Eben Byers found himself unwittingly the victim of the hazardous set of circumstances.  This is the story of how a patented substance called Radithor, which was sold through doctors as a medication, helped play a part in bringing an end to this time of unregulated pharmaceutical madness.

Sources: 

https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,743525,00.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._A._Bailey

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eben_Byers

https://orau.org/health-physics-museum/collection/radioactive-quack-cures/pills-potions-and-other-miscellany/radithor.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20160113201140/http://www.alleghenycemetery.com/images/newsletter/newsletter_XIII_1.pdf

http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2016/ph241/yoon2/

https://sc.edu/about/offices_and_divisions/research/news_and_pubs/caravel/archive/2020_fall/2020_medicalknowledge.php

#quackmedicine #medicalhistory #medicine #history #podcast #Radithor #radium

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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

A 30 year old woman in 1842 comes down with an awful gastrointestinal illness and a physician is called.  He recounts the case in this article and asks if this might have been something called "Cholera Morbus."  We'll go through the case, talk about causes for this sort of thing, and do our best to guess the diagnosis.  The approach to treating the disease in the 1840's was interesting, if nothing else. 

Did we miss anything?  Have a thought about the case?  Send us a message about it via email or social media.

This case comes to us from the archives of the Provincial Medical Journal and Retrospect of the Medical Sciences. 1842 Dec 3; 5(114): 189–190.

Case Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2490115/

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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

This unusual, recurrent epidemic illness has popped its head in and out of the annals of history.  It goes by many names: the English Sweats, coma somnolentum, Schlafkrankheit ("sleep sickness"), and the Nona, to name a few. 

The last time it was widespread was during the influenza pandemic of 1915-1926, but medical case studies and reports of recurrent epidemcis date back to the 16th century. 

Is it a new viral or bacteral illness?  Or something more complicated? 

We'll do our best to sort it out in this episode of the show.

Sources:
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalitis_lethargica

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Sacks

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awakenings

-Encephalitis lethargica: 100 years after the epidemic: Brain, Volume 140, Issue 8, August 2017, Pages 2246–2251, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awx177

-https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/140/8/2246/3970828?login=false

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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

Let's do a neurologic case featuring  an American music legend who sought help after developing unusual headaches and a distorted sense of smell.  We'll figure out what happened and who it is in this installment!  

Avoid clicking through the references if you wish to keep the mystery intact. 

References

1. https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2817%2931623-9 Lancet Letter
2.  Wikipedia Page for the mystery patient.
3. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-011-6034-9 Duret biography, Journal of Neurology
4. https://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/blog/archive/2014/The-Babinski-Sign.html The Babinski Sign summary, Stanford Med 

#medicalhistory #medicine #history #podcast #neurosurgery #GeorgeGershwin

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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

CPR (aka cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is a simple way to save a life.  When a heart stops, the modern teaching is to "get on the chest" and start giving compressions. 

But it may surprise nobody that there were early forms of CPR.  There were whole committees devoted to this topic.  Some of the first ideas were definitely a rough draft.  Others were downright comically bad, though well-meaning.   The history of CPR is almost as sexy as Baywatch made it seem.

References: available HERE on website in our show notes/blog section for the episode.
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 Mike's Trivia Challenge Contest is still in effect through the end of November.  Keep those submissions coming for your chance to win a T-shirt and "Show Me Your Guts" coloring book from our sponsor, Artery Ink.

For info to participate, details are HERE on our website.   
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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

We decided to throw out a little bit of a bonus episode.  In what we're calling the Curious Case Vault for now, we'll go into the archives of a well-established medical journal and read a real case report from long ago--1841, to be exact.

In this case, with our help as physicians, Alba will puzzle through the case of a 53 year old patient who, unfortunately, developed a sore throat in the 19th century.  We'll go through the case, do our best to figure out what happened, and we'll compare the care and capabilities of an 1840's physician to what we have in the modern time.  We'll talk about a variety of medicine topics using this real historic case as a framework.  If you're a curious sort of person that enjoys a bit of medical knowledge along with your history of medicine type podcast, we're hoping this is for you.

If you enjoyed this experimental side project, please let us know.  If you'd like to see us do more of these type of episodes in addition to our normal show, drop us a line through our website, email, or on our social media pages.  Listener feedback goes a long way in helping us know what our community likes to hear.

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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

He was dubbed "The 8th Wonder of the World" in the wrestling universe.  The career of Andre the Giant was legendary and interesting on it's own, but on this episode we'll dive into the history of the discovery of gigantism and acromegaly, the condition that gave Andre his astounding stature.  We'll talk about other notable cases in history and how physicians of the 19th century gradually discovered the cause behind this rare condition.

Sources:
https://karger.com/nen/article/103/1/7/220198/The-History-of-Acromegaly
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538261/
https://www.wwe.com/superstars/andrethegiant
https://books.google.com/books?id=tYPCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT78#v=onepage&q&f=false (suggestion that Andre may have been told of diagnosis in Japan in 1970’s)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WrestleMania_III
https://www.hbo.com/movies/andre-the-giant
https://www.wrestlinginc.com/1097011/andre-the-giant-and-robin-wrights-relationship-on-the-princess-bride-explained/
https://biographics.org/andre-the-giant-biography-larger-than-life/

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 Mike's Trivia Challenge Contest is still in effect through the end of November.  Keep those submissions coming for your chance to win a T-shirt and "Show Me Your Guts" coloring book from our sponsor, Artery Ink.

For info to participate, details are HERE on our website. 
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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

Who do you picture when someone says the word "surgeon?"  There are many common depictions of surgeons in popular media--from TV shows and other avenues of fiction.  What makes up the persona of a surgeon?  In her book, Cold Hard Steel, author Agnes Arnold-Forster draws upon the historical building blocks of the profession to examine our ideas of who the modern surgeon is.  Tune in here for a fascinating discussion!
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Guess what? Listeners can get the book at a discount price.
Use this ---->LINK and get 30% off if you use the code AAF30 at checkout! 
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Follow Dr. Agnes Arnold-Forster:
- Instagram @agnesjulietaf
- Threads @agnesjulietaf
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Mike's Trivia Challenge Contest is still in effect!  Keep those submissions coming for your chance to win a T-shirt and "Show Me Your Guts" coloring book from our sponsor, Artery Ink.

For info to participate, details are HERE on our website.

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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

Halloween may be approaching, but this is no ghost story.

This episode's unusual case takes us back in time to Paris, 1882.   It is based on a patient known as Mademoiselle X, who was brought in for evaluation by a French neuropsychologist, Dr. Jules Cotard to discover the reasons for her seemingly strange behavior.  What follows in this episode is an exploration of a rare condition in the annals of medical history--something known as Walking Corpse Syndrome (aka Cotard Syndrome).

*******ARTERY INK GIVEAWAY! *********

Artery Ink (our sponsor) will be giving away a t-shirt of our listener's choice as well as a "Show Me Your Guts" artistic and anatomical coloring book to one randomly chosen winner*!  How to enter?  Send us a question for Mike's Trivia Challenge!

Each episode we ask a very difficult medical history trivia question to Dr. Mike to test the boundaries of his innate knowledge.  A source accompanying the question is very helpful but not necessary.  These questions come from our audience &, if Mike gets it wrong, the listener is awarded a fancy medical term named after them--an eponym. 

From Oct 1st through Nov 30th, 2023 every listener sending us a question will be entered into a drawing to win the prize from Artery Ink.  We will pick the winner on Dec 1st & they will be notified via email to claim their goodies.   If you already sent us a question during that time, you've been entered!

Ways to submit a question:
-Go to our website, www.poorhistorianspod.com and use the entry form there.   
-Email to poorhistorianspod@gmail.com (Subject Line: Mike's Trivia)
-Select social media DMs (Hey, give us a follow while you're there!):
     Instagram: @poorhistorianspod
     Threads: @poorhistorianspod
     Facebook: @poorhistorianspod

All questions sent  may be used on the show  in the future!   Good luck!

*One entry per person.  Prize includes free shipping to the  U.S.  International winners will be responsible for paying shipping and handling.

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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

When you hear the story of how syphilis research was carried out in the United States in the 20th century, you'll probably start to understand why there is a history of mistrust of the medical establishment, especially among the African American community.  This episode details one of the bleakest and most shameful chapters in U.S. medical history, a time when ethics were cast aside at the expense of minority communities.  We'll talk about the Tuskegee Syphilis Study (aka Tuskegee Experiment) as well as the Guatemala syphilis experiments that preceded them.  

Sources:

1. For symptom confirmation: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/syphilis-epidemiology-pathophysiology-and-clinical-manifestations-in-patients-without-hiv?search=syphilis&source=search_result&selectedTitle=3~150&usage_type=default&display_rank=3#H10 UpToDate (paywall)
2. Emily Blunt gets Syphilis: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_English_(TV_series)
3. Medical Microbiology, Chapter 36: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7716/ 
4. Wikipedia Syphilis: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis
5. Long Article on Syphilis Origin: https://asm.org/Articles/2019/June/Revisiting-the-Great-Imitator,-Part-I-The-Origin-a
6. Republication of the AP study about Tuskeegee: https://apnews.com/article/business-science-health-race-and-ethnicity-syphilis-e9dd07eaa4e74052878a68132cd3803a
7. Bioethics statement on Guatamala Studies: https://bioethicsarchive.georgetown.edu/pcsbi/sites/default/files/Ethically%20Impossible%20(with%20linked%20historical%20documents)%202.7.13.pdf
8. Wikipedia on Guatemala Studies: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala_syphilis_experiments
9. Wikipedia on Tuskeegee: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuskegee_Syphilis_Study
10. John Charles Cutler Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Charles_Cutler

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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

You've heard the sayings about how hard life was back in the 18th and 19th centuries, but have you ever considered the life of a chimney sweep in London during those times? Far from the cheery character in Mary Poppins, the actual chimney sweeps of the time were children, hired into a very dangerous job.  One surgeon made the association between that occupation and a certain medical condition.  Eventually his work helped change society for the better.  We'll talk about this and so much more in this episode!

Sources: 

-https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1037746/?page=1

-http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/1103.html

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percivall_Pott

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worshipful_Company_of_Barbers

-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chimney_sweeps%27_carcinoma

-https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1008067/figure/F2/ (Chimney Sweep Pic)

-https://www.historic-uk.com/CultureUK/History-Boy-Chimney-Sweep/

-https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538331/ (Pott’s Disease)

-https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5531910/ (Pott’s Fracture)

-https://jdc.jefferson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=dacosta_modernsurgery (Pott’s gangrene)

-https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560789/ (Pott’s Puffy Tumor)

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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

In the 1990's a curious thing happened.  When a patient arrived very ill to the emergency department, doctors and nurses were astonished to find crystals in her blood with a foul odor.  Why were they smelling the blood?  Who knows, it was the 90's?
Soon thereafter, multiple people in the hospital room with her started to fall ill.  What might have caused these things to happen?  We'll see if we can help figure out this historically unusual medical case.

“The toxic lady” unilad.com

“The press enterprise” 21 Feb 1994 “After tragedy family wonder’s why”

"Mass Psychogenic Illness: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_psychogenic_illness

Morbidology https://morbidology.com/the-toxic-lady/

https://www.iflscience.com/the-death-of-the-toxic-lady-remains-an-unsolved-medical-case-59137

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/04/30/case-of-toxic-woman-closed-with-mystery-still-unsolved/470acaeb-74d2-42d7-82df-5b56fa2b5fc5/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Gloria_Ramirez

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl_sulfoxide

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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

This is a historic episode.  We'd like to welcome the newest addition to the Poor Historians Podcast crew, the exceptionally talented and enthusiastic new medical history intern, Alba!  This is her first episode on the show and we're stoked to have her along on our misadventures.   

Here we have another mystery case.  Aaron will take us through a harrowing recount of the mysterious malady that befell a group of people from a NYC office building.  We'll learn about early forensic medicine along the way.  This is a case with more than a few twists and turns.  Enjoy!

Many thanks to Gina for this week's trivia question submission.  Find out if she stumped Mike and won her very own eponym!

Sources:

1. Link to Poisoner’s Handbook: https://bookshop.org/p/books/the-poisoner-s-handbook-murder-and-the-birth-of-forensic-medicine-in-jazz-age-new-york-deborah-blum/16656190?ean=9780143118824
2. Wikipedia Charles Norris: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Norris_(medical_examiner)
3. Wikipedia Alexander Gettler: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Gettler
4. Brittanica Alexander Munro Secundus: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alexander-Monro-secundus
5. 1920’s slang: https://center.uoregon.edu/NCTE/uploads/2014NCTEANNUAL/HANDOUTS/KEY_1991992/Slangofthe1920s.pdf

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Patreon Page (support the show)
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Submit a Question for Mike's Trivia Challenge Segment (website form with instructions)
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Podcast Linktree (social media links / reviews / ratings)
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DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.

Esteemed retinal surgeon and accomplished author, Dr. Andrew Lam joined us on the show to discuss multiple foundational stories to explain how modern cardiology came to be.  This comes from a chapter out of his most recent book, The Masters of Medicine which also contains other stories about the most important innovations and discoveries from a variety of medical specialties. 

We'll talk about how they first figured out how to open up cardiac arteries.  We'll talk about early open heart surgery.  We'll also touch on the history of heart transplantation.  There are some incredible personalities in the history of these things, so we'll highlight a few on this stroll through early to modern cardiology!

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Get Book HERE--> The Masters of Medicine
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Mike's Trivia Question: Courtesy of friend of the show, Kim at the Lancaster Medical Heritage Museum.  Go check them out and follow on social media (@lmh_museum on TikTok, @lancastermedmuseum on Instagram)

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Patreon Page (support the show)
-----
Submit a Question for Mike's Trivia Challenge Segment (website form with instructions)
-----
Podcast Linktree (social media links / reviews / ratings)
-----
DrMaxwell_MKE (gaming on Twitch.tv) - Dr. Max's side project playing retro games and a few modern games on Tuesdays and Thursdays (8pm CST). Stop by, hang out, chat about medicine or any other things.