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    Defending Crypto to the Middle-Class American | Austin Campbell

    enSeptember 30, 2024
    What was the main topic of the podcast episode?
    Summarise the key points discussed in the episode?
    Were there any notable quotes or insights from the speakers?
    Which popular books were mentioned in this episode?
    Were there any points particularly controversial or thought-provoking discussed in the episode?
    Were any current events or trending topics addressed in the episode?

    • Crypto EmpowermentCryptocurrencies aim to empower individuals by providing protection from traditional banking risks and promoting financial inclusion, especially following the lessons of the 2008 crisis.

      The conversation emphasizes the potential of cryptocurrencies, like Bitcoin, to provide greater financial freedom and protection against exploitative banking practices. It highlights how the existing banking system still mirrors pre-2008 structures, risking depositors' savings for corporate profits. By encouraging wider adoption of crypto among average people, we can create a more equitable financial landscape and offer alternatives that safeguard individuals from systemic failures.

    • Crypto PerceptionsMany people find crypto confusing and associate it with scams. To engage them, focus on how crypto works rather than its price, using thought-provoking questions to spark interest. This can bridge the gap and highlight the benefits of crypto in response to traditional finance issues.

      Many people, especially those outside of the finance world or not tech-savvy, find crypto confusing or irrelevant. They often associate it with scams, largely due to negative headlines. However, a larger group is simply unaware of how crypto could impact their lives positively. To engage them effectively, it’s more helpful to concentrate on how the crypto system works rather than its prices. This shift in focus helps people consider crypto’s role beyond speculation, especially when presented in a relatable way. Asking thought-provoking questions can capture their interest, making them more open to learning about the benefits of crypto as a response to traditional financial system shortcomings. Overall, it’s essential to understand that while skepticism exists, curiosity also emerges among those who feel disconnected from the crypto narrative.

    • Banking RealitiesBanks use customer deposits to make loans, creating inherent risks for depositors. Many people trust the system but are unaware of the underlying issues and inequalities, which favor borrowers and billionaires over regular savers.

      Many people think banks simply keep their money safe and return it on demand, but in reality, banks use those deposits to lend money, often to wealthy borrowers like real estate developers. This creates a hidden risk for depositors, as their funds are not just sitting idle. Most people remain unaware of how banking systems really work and trust they can access their money anytime. However, the banking model favors borrowers over savers, resulting in low interest payments for depositors. Understanding this gap between perceived safety and actual risk can help individuals realize the need for a financial system that better serves their interests, rather than just supporting the wealthy. Ultimately, the current structure may lead to potential problems, which remain obscured by a sense of security that most people feel when using their bank accounts.

    • Banking RisksBanks can charge hidden costs and create risks for depositors. Small businesses are especially vulnerable with funds exceeding FDIC limits, risking their cash flow. Understanding these issues is vital for financial safety.

      Many people underestimate the risks and costs associated with keeping money in banks. While it seems safe due to FDIC insurance, small businesses often hold more than the insured limit and can face serious cash flow issues if a bank fails. This system favors large banks, leaving smaller players exposed. Essentially, banks profit off depositing users by making risky investments with their money, often without transparency. Understanding these dynamics is crucial: you may think your money is secure, but the hidden costs and potential risks can be significant. It's essential to question how well your bank is managed and what happens to your deposits in various situations.

    • Banking SystemCurrent banking systems are relying on bailouts for depositors, creating a false sense of security. People feel trapped with limited alternatives, yet there is a call to challenge this status quo for better financial options.

      In our current banking system, depositors rely heavily on implicit government bailouts, especially when banks face crises. While individual risks may seem significant, the shared experience of loss, like inflation, often makes it feel less personal. This leads to a kind of complacent acceptance of the status quo. Many feel stuck, believing there are no real alternatives to the existing banking system, despite the existence of other potential solutions. Regulatory actions over the years, although meant to improve banking, have ended up creating an oligopoly that stifles competition and innovation. With growing concerns about monopoly-like control, there is a push for exploring new financial constructs that may offer better alternatives. Americans, known for their resilience, are encouraged to question why they tolerate this structure and seek proactive changes in the finance landscape.

    • Banking DynamicsUtilizing Fidelity's money market funds can provide higher yields than traditional bank accounts but lacks FDIC insurance. Regulators prefer large banks over smaller ones, which limits innovation in the financial industry.

      Using a traditional financial institution like Fidelity can offer better yields than a regular bank account by utilizing government money market funds. These funds provide about 5% interest without the risks associated with bank accounts. However, while they allow cash-like access via debit cards, they lack FDIC insurance. Regulators often favor larger banks, believing they manage risks better, which may hinder smaller bank innovation and efficiency. This results in smaller banks having to develop many financial functions on their own, limiting overall effectiveness. In contrast, larger institutions can leverage advanced technology and expertise, leading to a questionable oversight of the financial landscape where they are often viewed as the standard. Thus, though there are alternatives that may yield better returns, many people are still funneled into traditional banking practices by regulatory frameworks and convenience.

    • Banking DynamicsThe banking system favors large banks due to regulations and lobbying, making it hard for smaller banks to compete. Stablecoins may disrupt this by offering efficient, consumer-friendly alternatives that separate payment and borrowing functions in finance.

      The current banking system is influenced by a mix of regulation, lobbying by large banks, and the motivations of legislators. This has led to an environment where bigger banks are favored due to their ability to manage risk and influence regulations. Smaller players often struggle to compete effectively, as they don't have the same resources or lobbying power. This results in a system that might be seen as complacent, and change is hard to achieve from within. Innovative solutions like stablecoins could disrupt this established order by separating payment functions from traditional banking, allowing for more efficient transactions and improved financial accessibility. It creates a scenario where users can hold their own money securely in a way that disrupts existing monopolies and encourages a more competitive landscape in finance, ultimately benefiting the average consumer.

    • Stablecoin BenefitsSwitching to stablecoins from traditional banking can reduce risks and eliminate the negative impacts of risky borrowing, potentially providing better financial security and returns.

      A key point made here is that the current banking system heavily subsidizes borrowers, leading to a culture of excessive debt among Americans. By shifting to stablecoins, individuals can potentially enjoy safer and more transparent financial transactions without the risky behavior associated with traditional banks. Unlike funds in a bank account, which can be claimed as liabilities in bankruptcy, stablecoins are backed by segregated assets, making them safer. This structure simplifies financial activities, offering better returns while reducing risks. In contrast to current lending practices, stablecoins could promote a healthier economic balance by encouraging responsible borrowing and providing clearer returns on investments without the toxic influence of bank fees and hidden risks.

    • Stablecoin EmpowermentStablecoins offer global financial access and security, empowering individuals against corrupt financial systems and inflation. They represent a significant human rights advancement, enabling asset management without government interference, especially in unstable regions, while democratizing financial tools.

      Using stablecoins on blockchains can revolutionize financial systems, especially for people in restrictive regimes. Unlike limited traditional banking systems, stablecoins allow individuals to access the US dollar and manage their assets securely. This provides protections against inflation and government confiscation, offering a significant human rights improvement globally. Countries with corrupt financial systems can empower citizens to manage their wealth without fear. As technology improves, more people will gain access to these decentralized systems, leading to wider economic freedom and inclusion. Countries like the US may take longer to adopt these changes compared to other nations. Recognizing the value of stablecoins could prompt meaningful conversations around financial equity, allowing marginalized groups greater access to financial services.

    • Crypto SolutionsCrypto offers alternatives to exploitative banking practices and is opposed by those wanting to maintain the status quo. Younger politicians see its potential for positive disruption.

      Many people are skeptical of crypto, especially older politicians, but crypto can actually provide solutions to issues caused by traditional banking practices, like overdraft fees. Current regulations tend to protect banks rather than promote innovation. Younger democrats are more open to crypto, understanding its potential to disrupt existing bank monopolies, which is why there's pushback from the establishment. The perception that stablecoins threaten the financial system seems to stem from a desire to maintain the status quo rather than recognizing the benefits of competition and innovation that crypto could bring. By embracing crypto, individuals can find alternatives to banks that often exploit their consumers.

    • Crypto EngagementRespectful engagement and addressing regulatory concerns can help change the narrative around crypto, especially as political divides persist. Advocates must act collectively to improve perceptions and demonstrate crypto's value.

      In conversation about crypto regulation, it's important for advocates to engage respectfully with skeptics rather than resorting to online hostility. Acknowledging valid concerns raised by regulators can foster productive dialogue. The political landscape shows a divide: while Republicans show some support for crypto, Democrats remain largely silent, driven by fears of conflict within their own party. To change the narrative, crypto advocates must vote, build solutions, and have meaningful discussions that demonstrate the value of crypto, challenging misconceptions held by policymakers. This shift will depend on a collective effort to showcase the benefits of crypto and to participate actively in the political discourse.

    • Support Local RegulatorsEngage with local regulators who support crypto and share resources like podcasts with your congressional representative if you're in the US. Stay informed about risks in traditional banking versus crypto investments, and support good regulatory practices to promote a safer environment for all.

      If you're a US citizen, you can actively engage in the crypto conversation by reaching out to your congressional representative and sharing helpful resources, like podcasts. For those outside the US, it's important to recognize and support local regulators that are doing a great job in the crypto space, as seen with Japan's JFSA. They’ve taken steps to protect customers, unlike other regions that have had issues. Encouraging positive actions within your regulatory framework can help foster a safer crypto environment. Remember, investing in crypto carries risks, just as keeping money in traditional banks does. It’s essential to stay informed and support initiatives that embrace innovative technology responsibly, understanding the challenges faced by these regulators in this rapidly evolving space. As we venture further into the frontier of crypto, let's continue to support efforts that promote responsible and effective regulations.

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    Recent Episodes from Bankless

    Where is Ethereum Headed? | Mike Ippolito & Mike Neuder

    Where is Ethereum Headed? | Mike Ippolito & Mike Neuder

    The exploration of the Ethereum Roadmap continues.

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    RESOURCES

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    Mike Neuder
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    Not financial or tax advice. See our investment disclosures here:
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    Must Read Threads
    https://x.com/CampbellJAustin/status/1817590780879397114 
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    https://x.com/deitaone/status/1839235182294913315?s=43&t=2ZINVXJQKx6xO_6Wiiu_2g 


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    https://x.com/BanklessHQ/status/1838621580546425045 


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    https://x.com/autismcapital/status/1838661563663945804 


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    Not financial or tax advice. See our investment disclosures here:
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    Crypto & The Democrats | Rep. Ro Khanna

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    RESOURCES

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    Not financial or tax advice. See our investment disclosures here:
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    In Defense of The Ethereum Roadmap | Mike Neuder

    In Defense of The Ethereum Roadmap | Mike Neuder

    Is the Ethereum’s Rollup centric roadmap a Queen Sacrifice blunder? That’s the core question the industry is asking and Bankless has aired some of these dissents.

    Today’s episode voices a counter to the doubters. Mike Neuder is an Ethereum developer and previous Bankless guest. He thinks the Ethereum roadmap is pretty great as is, it’s right on track, in fact, his message is to stay the course, play the long game, and watch ETH grow in value as a monetary asset as the Ethereum economy grows across L2s.    

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    ------
    TIMESTAMPS

    0:00 Intro
    6:06 Why is the ETH Roadmap Great
    12:38 Ethereum’s North Star
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    1:21:35 Closing Thoughts

    ------
    RESOURCES

    Mike Neuder
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    Mike Neuther Thesis
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    Max Resnick Pod
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    Kyle Samani Pod
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    Not financial or tax advice. See our investment disclosures here:
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    Bankless
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    ROLLUP: Rate Cuts Price Savior? | Trump’s DeFi Project | Vitalik’s Documentary

    ROLLUP: Rate Cuts Price Savior? | Trump’s DeFi Project | Vitalik’s Documentary

    The Fed just cut rates by 50 basis points for the first time since the pandemic, how is the market reacting, should we be excited? 

    Trump revealed new details about World Liberty Financial. We’ll break down why they’re building it, who’s involved, and what’s going on with the token. 

    We also have a Tale of Two Chains: Bitcoiners watching Trump buy a burger with Bitcoin in NYC, while Ethereans premiere an Ethereum documentary down the street. 
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    TIMESTAMPS & RESOURCES

    00:00 Start
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    06:09 RSA Finally Cracks
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    10:55 Total MKT Cap
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    11:09 L2 Update
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    13:36 Fed Rate Cuts
    https://x.com/SpecialSitsNews/status/1835699786785136703 
    https://www.cnbc.com/2024/09/18/fed-cuts-rates-september-2024-.html 

    18:57 Cut Reactions
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    https://x.com/coinbase/status/1836470341063053572 
    https://x.com/RyanSAdams/status/1836795960321585388 
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    https://x.com/intocryptoverse/status/1836471892674302430?s=46&t=2ZINVXJQKx6xO_6Wiiu_2g 
    https://x.com/Jamie1Coutts/status/1836192104722370930 
    https://www.tradingview.com/chart/1RYLG2gC/?symbol=NASDAQ%3AQQQ 
    https://youtu.be/b6O-lHr-D0s?si=7uiJPAxPibmCTLsz 

    27:03 Trump's Liberty Financial
    https://x.com/EricTrump/status/1834322630721122521 
    https://x.com/worldlibertyfi/status/1835748701534404945 
    https://x.com/alexandergrieve/status/1836006655223275904 

    32:06 Takes On The Project
    https://x.com/iamDCinvestor/status/1836006290125987860 
    https://x.com/worldlibertyfi/status/1835300402163503260?s=46&t=dmRhP54bJmHi0Ppb8BT30Q 

    34:42 Trump Pays With Bitcoin
    https://x.com/WatcherGuru/status/1836510214482284545 
    https://x.com/crypto_condom/status/1836512092503077146 

    36:39 Vitalik Film Premiere
    https://ethereumfilm.xyz/streaming 
    https://x.com/EthereumFilm/status/1828192695095042429 
    https://x.com/TrustlessState/status/1836737714223210638 
    https://x.com/dimabuterin/status/1836701356565922006 
    https://x.com/ViktorBunin/status/1836556640734085478 
    https://x.com/jessepollak/status/1836607456497275028 
    https://x.com/jessepollak/status/1836607456497275028 
    https://x.com/EthereumFilm/status/1835973354995499061 

    41:36 SEC Sues Rari?
    https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2024-138 
    https://x.com/dcfgod/status/1836488126744924299 

    43:03 The Flyfish Case
    https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2024/33-11305.pdf 
    https://x.com/HesterPeirce/status/1835757603860681141 
    https://x.com/FinancialCmte/status/1836124400695021654 
    https://x.com/RepFrenchHill/status/1836420981310542092?t=KbWMCpEacfkVWgSADJSgQg&s=19 

    50:41 Token 2049
    https://x.com/justinsuntron/status/1836330985706918253 
    https://unchainedcrypto.com/buterin-at-token2049-were-not-early-to-crypto-but-were-early-to-crypto-being-usable/ 


    53:36 New Zora App
    https://x.com/RyanSAdams/status/1836399083482742814 

    56:19 New Fastest Rollup
    https://x.com/atlasxyz/status/1833880969251524973 

    57:39 Permissionless Party
    https://lu.ma/yj5pdeqe
    Bankless listeners - 10% off tickets with BANKLESS10 
    Bankless citizens - 30% off tickets with link: https://bankless.cc/PermissionlessDiscount 

    59:26 Moment Of Zen
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=71DtEk1cFdg 

    ------
    Not financial or tax advice. See our investment disclosures here:
    https://www.bankless.com/disclosures ⁠ 

    Bankless
    enSeptember 20, 2024

    Fed Rate Cut: Is It Too Late? | Macro Alf

    Fed Rate Cut: Is It Too Late? | Macro Alf

    Jerome Powell and the Federal Reset is about to cut rates, but the question on everyone’s mind is… What happens next?

    Alfonso Peccatiello, known as "Macro Alf," is a macroeconomic analyst and investment strategist and he’s joining the pod to help us figure this out.

    - Are these rate cuts just in time or too little too late?
    - Is the Fed cutting by 25bps or 50bps?
    - Will we get a recession or the soft landing the FED is hoping for?
    - What will happen to crypto assets?

    We discuss all this and more with Macro Alf, one of the top minds in macro out there.

    ------
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    ------
    TIMESTAMPS

    0:00 Intro
    5:41 The Fed is Behind the Curve
    12:28 Why Haven’t Things Broke?
    18:57 Bad News are Actually Bad News
    24:17 Fed Rate Cut Prediction
    30:43 Elizabeth Warren’s Letter
    35:06 Market Reaction
    42:55 How to Prepare
    53:20 Probability of Recession
    54:48 Debasement
    1:05:06 Monetary Plumbing
    1:09:09 Debasement Assets
    1:11:46 Closing Thoughts

    ------
    RESOURCES

    Maro Alf
    https://x.com/MacroAlf  

    Alf's Institutional Research Free Trial
    https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfzLZS_8sWjyuqzDgJb9OQC_pSAoOjz6GVgsB0UIGzLELMSFQ/viewform  

    The MacroCompass 
    https://themacrocompass.org/  

    Monetary Plumbing Chart
    https://x.com/MacroAlf/status/1834938859848634440  

    ------
    Not financial or tax advice. See our investment disclosures here:
    https://www.bankless.com/disclosures⁠   

    Bankless
    enSeptember 18, 2024

    Refuting L2 Fud & State of Arbitrum | Steven Goldfeder

    Refuting L2 Fud & State of Arbitrum | Steven Goldfeder

    Steven Goldfeder is back on the podcast today to discuss Arbitrum’s and all Ethereum L2 FUD. 

    Is a win for Arbitrum also a win for Ethereum, or is Arbitrum competing for users and liquidity? Steven addresses governance concerns and discusses the decentralization of Arbitrum’s Sequencer.

    In the second half of the show, we get into the latest developments in the Arbitrum ecosystem, including Stylus, Bold, Orbit, and Timeboost.

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    https://bankless.cc/uniswap 

    ⚖️ ARBITRUM | SCALING ETHEREUM
    ⁠https://bankless.cc/Arbitrum  

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    https://bankless.cc/toku  

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    ------
    TIMESTAMPS

    0:00 Intro
    4:01 L1 vs. L2 Relationship
    10:45 Use Cases of the L1 vs. L2s 
    18:56 Fastest Blockchain
    20:05 Decentralization Priority 
    25:15 Sequencer Debate
    33:06 Arbitrum x Espresso 
    38:02 Optimistic Rollups Capturing Ethereum Governance? 
    41:58 What Does Arbitrum Want From the L1 
    45:21 Increasing Block Times?
    49:17 Arbitrum Ecosystem 
    52:21 How Does Stylus Work?
    57:22 Web2 Devs Now Web3 Devs  
    1:03:02 Arbitrum’s Next 10x
    1:08:17 Closing & Disclaimers 

    ------
    RESOURCES

    Steven Goldfeder
    https://x.com/sgoldfed  

    ------
    Not financial or tax advice. See our investment disclosures here:
    https://www.bankless.com/disclosures  ⁠

    Bankless
    enSeptember 17, 2024

    What Are BlackRock’s Crypto Plans? | Robbie Mitchnick Head Digital Assets at Blackrock

    What Are BlackRock’s Crypto Plans? | Robbie Mitchnick Head Digital Assets at Blackrock

    That’s right, Bankless Nation, BlackRock on the podcast today.

    BlackRock is the world’s largest asset manager, a company that manages over $10 trillion dollars in assets around the world, to put it in perspective, that’s 5 times the crypto market cap. Let’s just say what they do has ripple effects in global markets.

    But here at Bankless we wanted to figure out what they’re doing in crypto. That’s why we brought Robbie Mitchnick, BlackRock’s Head of Digital Assets.

    We explore Crypto narratives in TradFi, how they measure the risk profile of Crypto, their plans for the future of ETFs, Tokenization and even DeFi.

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    https://bankless.cc/uniswap 

    ⚖️ ARBITRUM | SCALING ETHEREUM
    ⁠https://bankless.cc/Arbitrum 

    🛞MANTLE | MODULAR LAYER 2 NETWORK
    https://bankless.cc/Mantle 
     
    🗣️TOKU | CRYPTO EMPLOYMENT 
    https://bankless.cc/toku  

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    ------
    TIMESTAMPS

    0:00 Intro
    5:36 What is BlackRock?
    7:33 BlackRock’s Crypto Arc
    14:42 Digital Assets Team
    17:01 BlackRock Bitcoin ETF
    20:33 Investor Education
    22:48 Narratives
    24:58 Risk Management
    34:04 Regulatory Environment
    38:27 The Future of ETFs
    42:30 Tokenization
    51:00 What Needs to be Built
    54:26 The State of DeFi
    57:03 BlackRock’s Crypto Mission
    1:00:44 Closing & Disclaimers

    ------
    RESOURCES

    Robbie
    https://x.com/robbiemitchnick  

    Blackrock
    https://x.com/BlackRock  

    ------
    Not financial or tax advice. See our investment disclosures here:
    https://www.bankless.com/disclosures ⁠  

    Bankless
    enSeptember 16, 2024

    ROLLUP: The Debate | 1st DeFi Congress Hearing | ENS joins PayPal/Venmo | Coinbase’s cbBTC

    ROLLUP: The Debate | 1st DeFi Congress Hearing | ENS joins PayPal/Venmo | Coinbase’s cbBTC

    This week in crypto, the Trump vs. Harris debate sparked chatter, but did the markets react? DeFi had its first U.S. congressional hearing—how’d it go?

    Friend.tech burned its keys—abandoning? ENS integrated with PayPal and Venmo, while Coinbase launched their cbBTC, and Sony might release a stablecoin.

    Plus, did we see “war mode” Vitalik this week?

    ------
    🔥The Bankless Summit | 70% of for Citizens | 20% code WRU20
    https://x.com/BanklessHQ/status/1832085867483083211 
    https://www.bankless.com/join  

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    ------
    TIMESTAMPS & RESOURCES

    0:00 Intro

    5:21 Markets
    https://farside.co.uk/?p=1518 
    https://x.com/biancoresearch/status/1832806811088638440 
    https://x.com/matt_hougan/status/1833149076722081906 
    https://www.cbsnews.com/news/inflation-cpi-fed-readies-to-cut-rates-next-week/ 
    https://www.tradingview.c om/symbols/FRED-WALCL/   
    https://x.com/sonyasunkim/status/1832114732326957274 

    18:02 House lawmakers ended up divided in 1st Congressional DeFi hearing 
    https://financialservices.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=409354 
    https://x.com/fund_defi/status/1833556632027955694  
    https://x.com/coinage_media/status/1833593592373243915 
    https://x.com/NeerajKA/status/1833530974212387228  
    https://x.com/rohangrey/status/1833543531228762323 
    https://x.com/jchervinsky/status/1833557017023459526 

    27:29 The Debate - they didn’t mention crypto! 
    https://x.com/CNN/status/1833703753179857334 
    https://x.com/erikvoorhees/status/1833705605045051850 
    https://polymarket.com/event/who-will-win-the-debate-according-to-polls 
    https://polymarket.com/event/presidential-election-winner-2024?tid=1726028429396 
    https://x.com/shayne_coplan/status/1833127734844789106 
    https://x.com/Polymarket/status/1833679653191512442 
    https://www.theblock.co/post/315808/presidential-debate-risk-off-crypto 
    https://x.com/MikeIppolito_/status/1833874331539034448 

    36:49 War mode vitalik? If its not stage 2, its not a rollup
    https://x.com/vitalikbuterin/status/1834061075970683367 

    39:01 zkSync Stage 1? & New CMO? 
    https://blog.zknation.io/zksync-governance-system/ 
    https://x.com/the_matter_labs/status/1833894141052494218 

    42:41 Sony Stable Yen
    https://x.com/delzennejc/status/1833243834563650038 

    43:21 Friend.Tech team renounces control of smart contracts
    https://x.com/friendtech/status/1832581118165709140 
    https://x.com/functi0nZer0/status/1833178200685318213 
    https://x.com/MacroMate8/status/1833393620407488542 
    https://x.com/friendtech/status/1833259362711986335 

    47:06 EigenLayer announced Season 2 Stakedrop! 
    https://blog.eigenfoundation.org/season-2-stakedrop/ 

    48:55 ENS was integrated with PayPal and Venmo! 
    https://x.com/ensdomains/status/1833536140529570039 
    https://x.com/brantlymillegan/status/1833568986547818820

    50:16 Coinbase Bitcoin - cbBTC released!
    https://x.com/coinbase/status/1834208544247144949 
    https://x.com/jessepollak/status/1833603913888764064?s=46&t=2ZINVXJQKx6xO_6Wiiu_2gb 

    55:04 David Fighting at Permissionless

    58:01 Closing & Disclaimers

    ------
    Not financial or tax advice. See our investment disclosures here:
    https://www.bankless.com/disclosures ⁠ 

    Bankless
    enSeptember 13, 2024
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