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284 - Migraines and menopause: what’s the connection?

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November 26, 2024

TLDR: Dr Louise Newson and Dr Rebecca Walker discuss migraines in-depth, covering definitions, causes, management approaches, impacts of hormonal changes during menopause, and debunking myths about HRT for migraine sufferers.

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In Episode 284 of the podcast, Dr. Louise Newson and Dr. Rebecca Walker, a GP specializing in headache medicine, delve into the intricate relationship between migraines and menopause. With a personal stake in the conversation, both experts highlight the lack of recognition and treatment options for migraine sufferers, particularly during hormonal shifts in women’s lives.

Key Concepts of Migraines

What is a Migraine?

  • Migraines are complex neurological conditions, not merely severe headaches.
  • A strong genetic component often leads to familial patterns of migraine.
  • Symptoms include:
    • Headaches (in some cases, headaches may not be present)
    • Nausea
    • Light and sound sensitivity
    • Prodromal symptoms (e.g., mood changes, fatigue, and appetite shifts)

Types of Migraines

  • Vestibular Migraine: Characterized by episodes of vertigo and other migraine symptoms, often misdiagnosed as transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) due to the absence of headache.
  • Chronic Migraine: Diagnosed when migraines occur on more than 15 days per month, significantly impacting quality of life.

Migraines and Hormones

Hormonal Influence on Migraine Patterns

  • Migraines tend to be prevalent in women, especially during their productive years due to hormonal fluctuations.
  • Menstrual Migraines: Often triggered by a drop in estrogen before menstruation.
  • Perimenopause: A period characterized by fluctuating hormones, exacerbating migraine frequency and intensity.

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

  • A common myth is that women with migraines cannot take HRT. Women can safely use HRT with the right medical guidance:
    • Those with aura have higher stroke risks and should receive estrogen therapy via the skin.
    • Individualized approaches to managing hormone therapy can help mitigate migraine attacks.

Management Strategies

Lifestyle Changes

  • Migraine management begins with healthy lifestyle practices:
    • Maintain a regular sleep schedule.
    • Stay hydrated and eat balanced meals regularly.
  • A proactive approach empowers individuals to live with migraines instead of avoiding triggers.

Medical Treatments

  • Rescue Medications: Effective abortive treatments include anti-inflammatories and triptans. Many migraine sufferers are unaware of these options.
  • Consider combinations of medications to find the most effective personalized treatment plan.
  • Monitoring Effectiveness:
    • Keeping a diary to track migraines and treatments is crucial for recognizing patterns and improving management strategies.

Educational Resources

  • Reliable sources suggested for further learning include the National Migraine Centre and books like "Managing Your Migraine" by Dr. Katy Munro.

Takeaway Tips for Migraine Sufferers

  1. Recognize Your Condition: Understanding that recurrent headaches can signify migraines can lead to better recognition and treatment.
  2. Keep a Diary: Document migraine occurrences as this aids in understanding triggers and seeking tailored medical advice.
  3. Empower Yourself: Regularly consult trusted resources and professionals to stay informed about treatment options.

Conclusion

The conversation between Dr. Newson and Dr. Walker illuminates the complex and often misunderstood relationship between migraines and menopause. Recognizing migraines as a serious health issue rather than just headaches is crucial to improving management and treatment outcomes for those affected. By embracing both lifestyle changes and medical interventions, individuals can gain greater control over their migraines, especially during transitional life stages.

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